Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the rehabilitation process to restore the ecological integrity of disturbed areas. This work reports on the profiles of N‐fixing microorganisms and Actinobacteria, from DGGE, the prokaryotic composition from next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and physicochemical soil characteristics. We compared a deactivated mining site where mining ended about 10 years ago, when the revegetation process was begun (RV), and a reference site, with natural vegetation (NT), both located at Retiro das Almas Mine, in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both sites, the most abundant archaeal and bacterial groups included Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia and revealed differences in their ecological metrics and distribution. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were most abundant in RV sites, while Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were most abundant in NT sites. Less abundant phyla, such as Bathyarchaeota (Archaea) and GAL 15 (Bacteria) were found only in NT, while Gracilibacteria, Ignavibacteriae BJ‐169, and BRC1 were only found in RV. The majority of identified bacterial genera were shared by RV and NT. Soil P, pH, and particle density were most significant (p < 0.05) in RV, while Fe, Ca, organic matter, potential acidity and dispersed clays, were most significant (p < 0.05) in NT, showing differences in soil characteristics, which led the prokaryotic composition in these sites. DGGE profiles of N‐fixing microorganisms revealed N‐fixing predominance in both sites, although after 10 years prokaryotes diversity increased in RV site. Our results revealed that prokaryotic structure and composition are indicative of RV soil resilience.

中文翻译：

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铁矿石开采后原核生物的组成和多样性揭示了开采后10年的自然复原力

原核生物在恢复过程中起着至关重要的作用，以恢复受灾地区的生态完整性。这项工作报告了来自DGGE的固氮微生物和放线菌的概况，来自下一代测序（NGS）的原核生物成分以及土壤理化特性。我们比较了一个停用矿区的位置，该矿区大约在10年前开始恢复植被（RV），而一个参考矿区则是自然植被（NT），它们都位于QuadriláteroFerrífero地区的Retiro das Almas矿，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州。在这两个地点中，最丰富的古细菌和细菌群包括真细菌，拟古细菌，变形杆菌，放线菌，酸性细菌和疣状微生物，并揭示了它们在生态学指标和分布上的差异。在RV位点中，细菌杆菌和放线菌最丰富，而在NT位点，酸性细菌和Verrucomicrobia最丰富。仅在NT中发现丰富度较弱的菌门，如Bathyarchaeota（Archaea）和GAL 15（细菌），而仅在RV中发现了格拉氏杆菌，Ignavibacteriae BJ-169和BRC1。RV和NT共同鉴定了大多数细菌属。土壤P，pH和颗粒密度最显着（ RV中的p <0.05），而 NT中的铁，钙，有机质，潜在的酸度和分散的粘土最为显着（p <0.05），显示出土壤特征的差异，导致这些部位的原核生物组成。固氮微生物的DGGE图谱显示两个位点均以固氮为主，尽管10年后RV部位的原核生物多样性增加了。我们的结果表明，原核生物的结构和组成指示RV土壤的回弹力。