Evaporation from porous rock plays an important role in weathering processes. In the case of salt weathering, the evaporation rate controls supersaturation of salt solutions within pores and the amount of precipitated aggressive salts, therefore weathering occurs mostly in places with intense evaporation. Evaporation also strongly affects frost, hydric and biogenic weathering, as these are influenced by water content and its temporal changes. Despite its importance, evaporation from porous rocks has seen little scientific focus. We present a study on evaporation from bare sandstone, one of the most common rocks affected by weathering. A new method that measures the evaporation rate from the surfaces of sandstone samples under field microclimate was developed and tested. Also, a simple calculation of 1D evaporation rate from bare sandstone surfaces based on Fick's law of diffusion is presented. The measurement was performed using sandstone cores (with a set depth of the vaporization plane) in a humid continental climate and measured on a roughly monthly interval for about 1 year. For the calculations, a laboratory‐measured water‐vapour diffusion coefficient of the sandstone, in‐situ seasonally measured vaporization plane depth, and values of air humidity and temperature were used. The sensitivity analyses showed that the most important factor controlling the evaporation rate was the vaporization plane depth, while seasonal and spatial changes of air humidity and temperature were of lesser importance. The calculated evaporation rate reasonably follows measured values. For its simplicity and the small number of parameters required, the proposed method has the potential to improve knowledge of weathering and living conditions of endolithic and epilithic organisms. Further research should focus on factors affecting the evaporation rate (wind, hygroscopicity, hydrophobicity, etc.) to improve the accuracy of the calculations, as well as to test the applicability of the method for other lithologies and climates. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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裸砂岩表面季节性蒸发率的测量和计算：对岩石风化的影响

多孔岩石的蒸发在风化过程中起着重要作用。在盐风化的情况下，蒸发速率控制孔内盐溶液的过饱和度和沉淀的侵蚀性盐的量，因此，风化主要发生在蒸发剧烈的地方。蒸发还严重影响霜冻，水合和生物成因的风化，因为这些受水分含量及其时间变化的影响。尽管它很重要，但从多孔岩石中蒸发却很少受到科学关注。我们提出了从裸露的砂岩蒸发的研究，裸砂岩是受风化影响最常见的岩石之一。开发并测试了一种在野外微气候下测量砂岩样品表面蒸发速率的新方法。也，提出了一种基于菲克扩散定律的裸砂岩表面一维蒸发速率的简单计算方法。该测量是在潮湿的大陆性气候下使用砂岩岩心（具有汽化平面的设定深度）进行的，大约每月间隔大约1年进行一次测量。为了进行计算，使用了实验室测得的砂岩的水蒸气扩散系数，原位使用季节性测量的蒸发平面深度以及空气湿度和温度值。敏感性分析表明，影响蒸发速率的最重要因素是蒸发平面深度，而空气湿度和温度的季节性和空间变化则不那么重要。计算出的蒸发速率合理地遵循测量值。由于其简单性和所需的少量参数，所提出的方法具有改善对内石器和上石器生物的风化和生存条件的了解的潜力。进一步的研究应集中在影响蒸发速率的因素（风，吸湿性，疏水性等）上，以提高计算的准确性，并测试该方法在其他岩性和气候条件下的适用性。