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Late Pliocene sea-ice expansion and its influence on diatom species turnover in the Southern Ocean
Marine Micropaleontology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101895
Saki Ishino , Itsuki Suto

Abstract Fossil diatom records from the Southern Ocean are needed to clarify the detailed conditions under warmer-than-present global climate in the Piacenzian Stage (3.60–2.588 Ma), and to provide direct evidence of simultaneity between changes in environmental conditions and diatom species turnovers. In this study, fossil diatom records between 3.5 and 2.8 Ma were investigated at two sites located along a latitudinal gradient within the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (offshore from Prydz Bay and south-east of the Kerguelen Plateau). Paleoceanographic changes were assessed from assemblage changes of extant diatom indicators. Fluctuations of their relative percentages were compared with those of extinct diatom species. The diatom assemblage between 3.5 and 3.1 Ma consisted of open ocean species which indicate warmer-than-present SST. Notable increases in sea-ice associated species were identified at 3.3 Ma and 3.1 Ma at both sites. Our results suggest sea-ice existence during short intervals of 3.3 Ma and 3.1–2.8 Ma at the studied area. At both sites, relative abundances of species which have first occurrences during the Piacenzian, increased at 3.2–3.1 Ma, conversely, those of species which have last occurrences during the Piacenzian decreased at the same period. These diatom records show a correlation with cooling at 3.1 Ma suggested from extant indicators and compositional changes in fossil diatoms from the Southern Ocean. This comparison can provide insights into the environmental effects on diatom evolutionary acceleration, which can help identify ecologies of extinct species.

中文翻译:

上新世晚期海冰扩张及其对南大洋硅藻物种更新的影响

摘要 需要南大洋的硅藻化石记录来阐明皮亚琴阶阶段(3.60-2.588 Ma)在比现在更暖的全球气候下的详细条件,并提供环境条件变化与硅藻物种更新同时发生的直接证据。 . 在这项研究中,在位于南大洋印度部分(普里兹湾近海和凯尔盖朗高原东南部)沿纬度梯度的两个地点调查了 3.5 到 2.8 Ma 之间的化石硅藻记录。根据现存硅藻指标的组合变化评估古海洋学变化。将它们的相对百分比的波动与已灭绝的硅藻物种进行比较。3.5 到 3.1 Ma 之间的硅藻组合由开阔的海洋物种组成,表明海温高于现在的海温。在两个地点的 3.3 Ma 和 3.1 Ma 处确定了海冰相关物种的显着增加。我们的结果表明,研究区域在 3.3 Ma 和 3.1-2.8 Ma 的短间隔内存在海冰。在这两个地点,在皮亚琴茨阶首次出现的物种的相对丰度在 3.2-3.1 Ma 增加,相反,在皮亚琴茨阶最后出现的物种的相对丰度在同一时期下降。这些硅藻记录显示了与 3.1 Ma 冷却的相关性,从现存的指标和南大洋化石硅藻的成分变化表明。这种比较可以深入了解环境对硅藻进化加速的影响,这有助于确定已灭绝物种的生态。我们的结果表明,研究区域在 3.3 Ma 和 3.1-2.8 Ma 的短时间间隔内存在海冰。在这两个地点,在皮亚琴茨阶首次出现的物种的相对丰度在 3.2-3.1 Ma 增加,相反,在皮亚琴茨阶最后出现的物种的相对丰度在同一时期下降。这些硅藻记录显示了与 3.1 Ma 冷却的相关性,从现存的指标和南大洋化石硅藻的成分变化表明。这种比较可以深入了解环境对硅藻进化加速的影响,这有助于确定已灭绝物种的生态。我们的结果表明,研究区域在 3.3 Ma 和 3.1-2.8 Ma 的短时间间隔内存在海冰。在这两个地点,在皮亚琴茨阶首次出现的物种的相对丰度在 3.2-3.1 Ma 增加,相反,在皮亚琴茨阶最后出现的物种的相对丰度在同一时期下降。这些硅藻记录显示了与 3.1 Ma 冷却的相关性,从现存的指标和南大洋化石硅藻的成分变化表明。这种比较可以深入了解环境对硅藻进化加速的影响,这有助于确定已灭绝物种的生态。在皮亚琴茨阶首次出现的物种的相对丰度在 3.2-3.1 Ma 增加,相反,在皮亚琴茨阶最后出现的物种的相对丰度在同一时期下降。这些硅藻记录显示了与 3.1 Ma 冷却的相关性,从现存的指标和南大洋化石硅藻的成分变化表明。这种比较可以深入了解环境对硅藻进化加速的影响,这有助于确定已灭绝物种的生态。在皮亚琴茨阶首次出现的物种的相对丰度在 3.2-3.1 Ma 增加,相反,在皮亚琴茨阶最后出现的物种的相对丰度在同一时期下降。这些硅藻记录显示了与 3.1 Ma 冷却的相关性,从现存的指标和南大洋化石硅藻的成分变化表明。这种比较可以深入了解环境对硅藻进化加速的影响,这有助于确定已灭绝物种的生态。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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