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Intellect is not that expensive: differential association of cultural and socio-economic factors with crystallized intelligence in a sample of Italian adolescents
Intelligence ( IF 3.613 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2020.101466 Federica Conte , Giulio Costantini , Luca Rinaldi , Tiziano Gerosa , Luisa Girelli
Intelligence ( IF 3.613 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2020.101466 Federica Conte , Giulio Costantini , Luca Rinaldi , Tiziano Gerosa , Luisa Girelli
Abstract Current theories of intelligence maintain that intellectual development is the expression of a strict interplay among different cognitive abilities and the environment. Yet, the environment in which the individual develops has often been reduced to a single measure in empirical research, which thus loses sight of its inherent multifaceted structure. This work stems from the need to grasp such multifaceted complexity, by differentiating the associations of cultural and socioeconomic factors with crystallized and fluid intelligence in adolescence. An updated and digitalized version of the Verbal task from the Primary Mental Abilities battery (PMA Verbal) was administered to a large group of Italian adolescents as a measure of crystallized intelligence. Item Response Theory confirmed the good psychometric properties of the test. The relationship among cognitive abilities and the environment was explored through a Network Analysis on measures of crystallized intelligence (PMA Verbal), fluid intelligence (Raven SPM) and various environmental dimensions (socioeconomic status, home possessions, books at home, reading habits). Network Analysis is particularly suited for highlighting the individual role of each variable within such a complex system. Our results illustrated a key role of books at home, which was positively connected to verbal abilities on the one hand and to reading habits on the other, whereas no relationship to fluid intelligence was found. Crucially, these findings were independent of socioeconomic status. This study indicates that a more detailed conceptualization of the environment provides a better understanding of how cognitive abilities develop.
中文翻译:
智力并不昂贵:意大利青少年样本中文化和社会经济因素与结晶智力的差异关联
摘要 当前的智力理论认为智力发展是不同认知能力与环境之间严格相互作用的表现。然而,个体发展的环境在实证研究中往往被简化为单一的衡量标准,从而忽视了其固有的多方面结构。这项工作源于需要掌握这种多方面的复杂性,通过区分文化和社会经济因素与青春期结晶智力和流体智力的关联。来自初级心理能力电池 (PMA Verbal) 的语言任务的更新和数字化版本被管理给一大群意大利青少年,作为结晶智力的衡量标准。项目反应理论证实了测试的良好心理测量特性。通过对结晶智力 (PMA Verbal)、流体智力 (Raven SPM) 和各种环境维度(社会经济地位、家庭财产、家里的书籍、阅读习惯)的测量的网络分析,探索了认知能力与环境之间的关系。网络分析特别适合突出每个变量在这种复杂系统中的个别作用。我们的结果说明了在家中书籍的关键作用,一方面与语言能力正相关,另一方面与阅读习惯呈正相关,而与流体智力无关。至关重要的是,这些发现与社会经济地位无关。这项研究表明,对环境进行更详细的概念化可以更好地理解认知能力的发展方式。
更新日期:2020-07-01
中文翻译:
智力并不昂贵:意大利青少年样本中文化和社会经济因素与结晶智力的差异关联
摘要 当前的智力理论认为智力发展是不同认知能力与环境之间严格相互作用的表现。然而,个体发展的环境在实证研究中往往被简化为单一的衡量标准,从而忽视了其固有的多方面结构。这项工作源于需要掌握这种多方面的复杂性,通过区分文化和社会经济因素与青春期结晶智力和流体智力的关联。来自初级心理能力电池 (PMA Verbal) 的语言任务的更新和数字化版本被管理给一大群意大利青少年,作为结晶智力的衡量标准。项目反应理论证实了测试的良好心理测量特性。通过对结晶智力 (PMA Verbal)、流体智力 (Raven SPM) 和各种环境维度(社会经济地位、家庭财产、家里的书籍、阅读习惯)的测量的网络分析,探索了认知能力与环境之间的关系。网络分析特别适合突出每个变量在这种复杂系统中的个别作用。我们的结果说明了在家中书籍的关键作用,一方面与语言能力正相关,另一方面与阅读习惯呈正相关,而与流体智力无关。至关重要的是,这些发现与社会经济地位无关。这项研究表明,对环境进行更详细的概念化可以更好地理解认知能力的发展方式。