While teleoperated robots continue to proliferate in domains including search and rescue, field exploration, or the military, human error remains a primary cause for accidents or mistakes. One challenge is that teleoperating a remote robot is cognitively taxing as the operator needs to understand the robot’s state and monitor all its sensor data. In a multi-robot team, an operator needs to additionally monitor other robots’ progress, states, notifications, errors, and so on to maintain team cohesion. We conducted a design exploration of novel graphical representations of robot team-member state, to support a person controlling one robot to maintain awareness of other robots in the team. Through a series of evaluations, we examined several design parameters (text, icon, facial expression, use of color, animation, and number of team robots), resulting in a set of guidelines for graphically representing team robot states in the remote team teleoperation.

尽管远程操作机器人在搜索和救援，野外探索或军事等领域继续扩散，但人为错误仍然是事故或错误的主要原因。挑战之一是远程操作远程机器人会给认知带来负担，因为操作员需要了解机器人的状态并监视其所有传感器数据。在多机器人团队中，操作员需要另外监视其他机器人的进度，状态，通知，错误等，以保持团队凝聚力。我们对机器人团队成员状态的新颖图形表示进行了设计探索，以支持控制一个机器人的人员保持团队中其他机器人的意识。通过一系列评估，我们检查了几个设计参数（文本，图标，面部表情，颜色的使用，动画和团队机器人的数量），