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Spatially analyzing food consumption inequalities using GIS with disaggregated data from Punjab, Pakistan.
Food Security ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01057-4
Sana Khushi , Sajid Rashid Ahmad , Ather Ashraf , Muhammad Imran

Inequalities are usually measured in context of household income to develop policies ensuring equal opportunities to public services for well being. Sustainable Development Goal 10, however, emphasizes the uniform distribution of per-capita food and nutrition intake and percentage share of expenditure on food consumption. Concerning that, evidence-based approaches should include scientifically examining the spatial aspects of food security to evaluate geographical equity (or inequity) of its various dimensions. The main objective here is to instigate spatial inequalities in food and nutrient consumption and production in Punjab. To do so, we georeferenced the traditional local and global food and nutrition surveys in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. Next, we disaggregated household surveys at various sub-national levels (i.e., per km 2 , per district, per region with rural-urban divisions). With these levels, we analyzed food data along three categories, i.e., production, consumption, and nutrition intake. We used global Moran’s index to identify geographical disparities of production-consumption gaps among regions and commodities. The results obtained reveal clustered food patterns in the north and north-eastern regions, while southern areas face high inequality of producing and consuming cereals, meat, vegetables, fruits, and milk. High spatial autocorrelation of within-districts gaps of food production and consumption observed in the province indicates that inequality is driven by location dynamics and not by population. The evidence-based method in this research will help implicate policies through prioritizing resource allocation in terms of space and equal opportunities.

中文翻译:

使用 GIS 和巴基斯坦旁遮普省的分类数据对食品消费不平等进行空间分析。

不平等通常是根据家庭收入来衡量的,以制定政策以确保获得公共服务的平等机会以促进福祉。然而,可持续发展目标 10 强调人均食品和营养摄入量以及食品消费支出百分比的统一分配。关于这一点,循证方法应包括科学检查粮食安全的空间方面,以评估其各个维度的地理公平(或不公平)。这里的主要目标是在旁遮普邦煽动食物和营养消费和生产的空间不平等。为此,我们在地理信息系统 (GIS) 环境中对传统的本地和全球食品和营养调查进行了地理参考。接下来,我们分解了各个次国家级的住户调查(即,每平方公里 2 ,每区,每区域的城乡划分)。通过这些级别,我们分析了三个类别的食品数据,即生产、消费和营养摄入。我们使用全球莫兰指数来确定地区和商品之间生产-消费差距的地域差异。获得的结果揭示了北部和东北地区的集群食物模式,而南部地区则面临着谷物、肉类、蔬菜、水果和牛奶的生产和消费的高度不平等。在该省观察到的区域内粮食生产和消费差距的高空间自相关表明,不平等是由位置动态而不是人口驱动的。
更新日期:2020-07-04
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