A biocomposite scaffold was developed using chitosan (CS) and bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (BHA). The prepared CS–BHA biocomposite scaffold was characterized for its physiochemical and biological properties and compared against control BHA scaffolds to evaluate the effects of CS. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the CS–BHA scaffold, which presented peaks for C and O from CS and Ca and P along with trace elements in the bovine bone such as Na, Mg, and Cl. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of phosphate, hydroxyl, carbonate, and amide functional groups attributed to the CS and BHA present in the biocomposite scaffolds. The CS–BHA scaffolds demonstrated an interconnected porous structure with pore sizes ranging from 60 to 600 μm and a total porosity of ∼64–75%, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and micro-CT analyses, respectively. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the CS–BHA scaffold lost 70% of its weight when heated up to 1000 °C, which is characteristic of CS phase decomposition in the biocomposite. In vitro studies demonstrated that the CS–BHA scaffolds were biocompatible toward Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells, showing high cell viability and a significant increase in cell proliferation across the measured timepoints compared to the controls.

中文翻译：

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壳聚糖和新西兰来源的牛衍生羟基磷灰石用于骨再生的生物复合材料的开发和表征。

使用壳聚糖（CS）和牛衍生的羟基磷灰石（BHA）开发了一种生物复合材料支架。制备的CS–BHA生物复合支架的理化和生物学特性得到了表征，并与对照BHA支架进行了比较，以评估CS的效果。能量色散X射线分析证实了CS–BHA支架的元素组成，该元素组成了CS，Ca和P中C和O的峰以及牛骨中的微量元素（如Na，Mg和Cl）。傅里叶变换红外光谱证实了存在于生物复合支架中的磷酸根，羟基，碳酸根和酰胺官能团的存在是由于CS和BHA所致。CS–BHA支架表现出相互连接的多孔结构，孔径范围为60至600μm，总孔隙率约为64–75％，如分别通过扫描电子显微镜和显微CT分析所揭示的。此外，热重分析表明，将CS–BHA支架加热至1000°C时，其重量损失70％，这是生物复合材料中CS相分解的特征。体外研究表明，CS-BHA支架与Saos-2成骨细胞样细胞具有生物相容性，与对照相比，在测量的时间点上显示出高的细胞活力和细胞增殖的显着增加。