Abstract A fundamental question in biology is how diversity evolves and why some clades are more diverse than others. Phenotypic diversity has often been shown to result from morphological adaptation to different habitats. The role of behavioral interactions as a driver of broadscale phenotypic diversity has received comparatively less attention. Behavioral interactions, however, are a key agent of natural selection. Antagonistic behavioral interactions with predators or with parasites can have significant fitness consequences, and hence act as strong evolutionary forces on the phenotype of species, ultimately generating diversity between species of both victims and exploiters. Avian obligate brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other species, their hosts, and this behavioral interaction between hosts and parasites is often considered one of the best examples of coevolution in the natural world. In this review, we use the coevolution between brood parasites and their hosts to illustrate the potential of behavioral interactions to drive evolution of phenotypic diversity at different taxonomic scales. We provide a bridge between behavioral ecology and macroevolution by describing how this interaction has increased avian phenotypic diversity not only in the brood parasitic clades but also in their hosts.

中文翻译：

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从微观到宏观进化：巢寄生作为鸟类表型多样性的驱动因素

摘要 生物学中的一个基本问题是多样性如何进化以及为什么一些进化枝比其他进化枝更加多样化。表型多样性经常被证明是对不同栖息地的形态适应造成的。行为相互作用作为广泛表型多样性驱动因素的作用相对较少受到关注。然而，行为相互作用是自然选择的关键因素。与捕食者或寄生虫的对抗行为相互作用可能会产生显着的健康后果，因此对物种的表型产生强大的进化力量，最终在受害者和剥削者的物种之间产生多样性。鸟类专性繁殖寄生虫在其他物种的巢中产卵，它们的宿主，宿主和寄生虫之间的这种行为互动通常被认为是自然界共同进化的最佳例子之一。在这篇综述中，我们使用育雏寄生虫与其宿主之间的共同进化来说明行为相互作用在不同分类学尺度上推动表型多样性进化的潜力。我们通过描述这种相互作用如何不仅在繁殖寄生进化枝中而且在它们的宿主中增加了鸟类表型多样性，从而在行为生态学和宏观进化之间架起了一座桥梁。