Quenching has been demonstrated to increase the thermal stability of the piezoelectric properties of relaxor (1−x)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-xBaTiO3 (NBTxBT) by 40 °C. This work establishes a correlation between the quenching temperature and salient electrical (conductivity, piezoelectric and dielectric) properties of two NBTxBT variants. The impact of quenching on the mechanical properties is quantified in terms of changes in Young's modulus. The perspective for application is interrogated using a variation in the sample thickness and separating the sample interior from the sample surface. An in situ measurement of surface temperature during the quenching treatment is applied to validate the simulation for thickness-dependent thermal transport in the material and ensuing transient thermal stresses. The calculated stress intensity factor is then compared with the fracture toughness of the material. This study asserts that air quenching can be conducted without mechanical degradation. Thus, it can be an important alternative to existing industrial strategies to enhance the thermal stability of the piezoelectric properties of relaxor NBTxBT.

中文翻译：

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热梯度对淬火 Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3 去极化和电导率的作用

淬火已被证明可以将弛豫 (1-x)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-xBaTiO3 (NBTxBT) 的压电特性的热稳定性提高 40 °C。这项工作建立了淬火温度与两种 NBTxBT 变体的显着电学（导电性、压电性和介电性）特性之间的相关性。淬火对机械性能的影响通过杨氏模量的变化来量化。使用样品厚度的变化和将样品内部与样品表面分开来询问应用的前景。淬火处理期间表面温度的原位测量用于验证材料中与厚度相关的热传输和随后的瞬态热应力的模拟。然后将计算出的应力强度因子与材料的断裂韧性进行比较。该研究断言，空气淬火可以在没有机械退化的情况下进行。因此，它可以成为现有工业策略的重要替代方案，以增强弛豫 NBTxBT 的压电特性的热稳定性。