In this paper, we demonstrate a miniature energy harvesting wind velocity sensor of simple, low-cost construction, based on a single-degree-of-freedom galloping structure. The sensor consists of a prismatic bluff body with a triangular cross section attached to the free end of a cantilever incorporating a commercial polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film. In the wind, the bluff body causes vibration of the cantilever based on galloping, and the piezoelectric film converts the vibration energy into an electrical signal. We have observed a negative correlation between the wind velocity and the vibration frequency, and we demonstrate that this relationship can be used to detect wind velocity directly with useful accuracy. A simple theoretical model indicates that the frequency shift can be accounted for by the effect of the axial loading due to form drag. The model shows close agreement with the experimental results. In wind tunnel tests, a prototype wind velocity sensor based on this principle could measure wind velocities from 4.45 to 10 m/s, with the measured velocity typically being within 4% of the reference value obtained using a Pitot tube.

中文翻译：

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基于风速随曳力变化的压电式风速传感器

在本文中，我们展示了一种基于单自由度疾驰结构的简单、低成本结构的微型能量收集风速传感器。该传感器由一个棱柱形钝体组成，横截面为三角形，悬臂的自由端连接了商用聚偏二氟乙烯压电薄膜。在风中，钝体基于飞驰引起悬臂振动，压电薄膜将振动能量转换为电信号。我们已经观察到风速和振动频率之间存在负相关，并且我们证明了这种关系可用于以有用的精度直接检测风速。一个简单的理论模型表明，由于形状阻力引起的轴向载荷的影响可以解释频移。该模型与实验结果非常吻合。在风洞测试中，基于该原理的原型风速传感器可以测量 4.45 到 10 m/s 的风速，测量的速度通常在使用皮托管获得的参考值的 4% 以内。