The identification of clinically-relevant early diagnostic and prognostic protein biomarkers is essential to maximize therapeutic efficacy and prevent cancer progression. The aim of the current study is to determine whether aberrant plasma protein profile can be applied as a surrogate tool for early diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. Plasma samples from patients with low grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and healthy controls were analyzed using combined 2D-DIGE and mass-spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins. Validation was performed using western blotting analysis in an independent cohort of cancer patients and controls. Fifteen differentially-expressed proteins were identified of which 12 were significantly up-regulated and three were significantly down-regulated in tumors compared to controls. The Ingenuity Pathways Analysis revealed functional connection between the differentially-expressed proteins and immunological disease, inflammatory disease and cancer mediated through chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway and NF-kB transcription factor. Among the three validated proteins, haptoglobin was able to distinguish between patients with low grade bladder cancer and the controls with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC > 0.87). In conclusion, several biomarker proteins were identified in bladder cancer. Haptoglobin is a potential candidate that merit further investigation to validate its usefulness and functional significance as potential biomarkers for early detection of bladder cancer.

临床相关的早期诊断和预后蛋白质生物标志物的鉴定对于最大化治疗功效和预防癌症进展至关重要。本研究的目的是确定异常血浆蛋白谱是否可作为膀胱癌早期诊断的替代工具。使用2D-DIGE和质谱结合分析低度非肌肉浸润性膀胱癌和健康对照患者的血浆样品，以鉴定差异表达的蛋白质。在独立的癌症患者和对照队列中使用蛋白质印迹分析进行了验证。与对照相比，鉴定出了十五种差异表达的蛋白质，其中十二种在肿瘤中显着上调，而三种则显着下调。机能途径分析揭示了差异表达的蛋白质与通过趋化因子和细胞因子信号传导途径以及NF-kB转录因子介导的免疫性疾病，炎性疾病和癌症之间的功能联系。在这三种经过验证的蛋白中，触珠蛋白能够区分低度膀胱癌患者和具有高灵敏度和特异性的对照（AUC> 0.87）。总之，在膀胱癌中鉴定了几种生物标志物蛋白。肝珠蛋白是潜在的候选物，值得进一步研究，以验证其作为膀胱癌早期检测的潜在生物标志物的有用性和功能意义。通过趋化因子和细胞因子信号传导途径以及NF-kB转录因子介导的炎症性疾病和癌症。在这三种经过验证的蛋白中，触珠蛋白能够区分低度膀胱癌患者和具有高灵敏度和特异性的对照（AUC> 0.87）。总之，在膀胱癌中鉴定了几种生物标志物蛋白。肝珠蛋白是潜在的候选物，值得进一步研究以验证其作为膀胱癌早期检测的潜在生物标志物的有用性和功能意义。通过趋化因子和细胞因子信号传导途径以及NF-kB转录因子介导的炎症性疾病和癌症。在这三种经过验证的蛋白中，触珠蛋白能够区分低度膀胱癌患者和具有高灵敏度和特异性的对照（AUC> 0.87）。总之，在膀胱癌中鉴定了几种生物标志物蛋白。肝珠蛋白是潜在的候选物，值得进一步研究以验证其作为膀胱癌早期检测的潜在生物标志物的有用性和功能意义。总之，在膀胱癌中鉴定了几种生物标志物蛋白。肝珠蛋白是潜在的候选物，值得进一步研究以验证其作为膀胱癌早期检测的潜在生物标志物的有用性和功能意义。总之，在膀胱癌中鉴定了几种生物标志物蛋白。肝珠蛋白是潜在的候选物，值得进一步研究，以验证其作为膀胱癌早期检测的潜在生物标志物的有用性和功能意义。