Cucumber fruit shape, a significant agronomic trait, is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Feasibility of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) is well demonstrated to map QTLs, especially the minor-effect ones. To detect and identify QTLs with CSSLs can provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms regarding cucumber fruit shape. In the present study, 71 CSSLs were built from a population of backcross progeny (BC₄F₂) by using RNS7 (a round-fruit cucumber) as the recurrent parent and CNS21 (a long-stick-fruit cucumber) as the donor parent in order to globally detect QTLs for cucumber fruit shape. With the aid of 114 InDel markers covering the whole cucumber genome, 21 QTLs were detected for fruit shape-related traits including ovary length, ovary diameter, ovary shape index, immature fruit length, immature fruit diameter, immature fruit shape index, mature fruit length, mature fruit diameter and mature fruit shape index, and 4 QTLs for other traits including fruit ground and flesh color, and seed size were detected as well. Together our results provide important resources for the subsequent theoretical and applied researches on cucumber fruit shape and other traits.

黄瓜的果实形状是重要的农艺性状，它由数量性状基因座（QTL）控制。染色体区段替换系（CSSLs）的可行性已得到充分证明，可以定位QTL，尤其是次要效应的QTL。用CSSL检测和鉴定QTL可以提供有关黄瓜果实形状的潜在机制的新见解。在本研究中，从回交后代（BC ₄ F ₂），使用RNS7（一种圆果黄瓜）作为轮回亲本，并使用CNS21（一种长粘果黄瓜）作为供体母本，以便全局检测黄瓜果实形状的QTL。借助覆盖整个黄瓜基因组的114个InDel标记，检测到21个与果实形状相关的性状的QTL，包括卵巢长度，卵巢直径，卵巢形状指数，未成熟果实长度，未成熟果实直径，未成熟果实形状指数，成熟果实长度，成熟果实直径和成熟果实形状指数，以及其他四个性状的QTL，包括果皮和果肉颜色以及种子大小。我们的研究结果共同为以后关于黄瓜果实形状及其他性状的理论和应用研究提供了重要的资源。