Optical analogues to black holes allow the investigation of general relativity in a laboratory setting. Previous works have considered analogues to Schwarzschild black holes in an isotropic coordinate system; the major drawback is that required material properties diverge at the horizon. We present the dielectric permittivity and permeability tensors that exactly reproduce the equatorial Kerr–Newman metric, as well as the gradient-index material that reproduces equatorial Kerr–Newman null geodesics. Importantly, the radial profile of the scalar refractive index is finite along all trajectories except at the point of rotation reversal for counter-rotating geodesics. Construction of these analogues is feasible with available ordinary materials. A finite-difference frequency-domain solver of Maxwell’s equations is used to simulate light trajectories around a variety of Kerr–Newman black holes. For reasonably sized experimental systems, ray tracing confirms that null geodesics can be well-approximated in the lab, even when allowing for imperfect construction and experimental error.

黑洞的光学类似物允许在实验室中研究广义相对论。先前的工作曾在各向同性坐标系中考虑过Schwarzschild黑洞的类似物。主要缺点是所需的材料特性在地平线上会有所不同。我们介绍了精确再现赤道Kerr-Newman度量的介电常数和磁导率张量，以及再现了赤道Kerr-Newman零大地测量学的梯度指数材料。重要的是，标量折射率的径向分布在所有轨迹上都是有限的，除了用于反向旋转测地线的旋转反转点以外。这些类似物的构建用可获得的普通材料是可行的。Maxwell方程的有限差分频域求解器用于模拟各种Kerr–Newman黑洞周围的光轨迹。对于合理大小的实验系统，光线追踪可以确认即使在考虑到不完美的构造和实验误差的情况下，零距离测地线也可以在实验室中得到很好的近似。