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Microplastics as a Vector for Exposure to Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals in Fish: A Comparison of Two Polymers and Silica Particles Spiked With Three Model Compounds
Frontiers in Environmental Science ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 , DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00087
Giedrė Ašmonaitė , Malin Tivefälth , Emelie Westberg , Jörgen Magnér , Thomas Backhaus , Bethanie Carney Almroth

The role of microplastics as chemical vectors delivering environmental contaminants into biota has been proposed, but their environmental relevance remains an issue of a debate. In this paper we compared the propensity and relative importance of synthetic polymer microparticles [glassy polystyrene (PS) and rubbery polyethylene (PE)] and silica glass particles (SG) to act as vectors for hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) into fish after ingestion. Particles were spiked with three HOCs [17α-ethinylestradiol, chlorpyrifos and benzo(α)pyrene], which differ in hydrophobicity and induce well-known biomarker responses. Three-spined stickleback were exposed to 8 different diets: control diets (1), diets with non-spiked particles (2–4), diets containing a mixture of particles spiked with 3 model contaminants (5–7) and, finally, diets loaded with only the chemical mixture (8), for 14 days. Chemical sorption onto the particles was quantified and chemical transfer into the fish was investigated via biomarkers (CYP1a, ERα, VTG, and AChE) in fish intestine, liver and brain and quantification of HOCs in fish muscle. Results demonstrated particle-mediated chemical transfer of moderately hydrophobic contaminants into fish. While PS and PE particles mediated higher chemical transfer and tissue accumulation of 17α-ethinylestradiol and chlorpyrifos than SG, the overall chemical transfer was found to be very low. The present work suggested that chemical sorption, desorption and subsequent transfer of chemicals in vivo depends on multiple interconnected factors, including physicochemical properties of particles and contaminants, as well as toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic interactions. The biomarker approach was, however, suboptimal for assessing chemical transfer when addressing particle-associated chemical mixtures.

中文翻译:

微塑料作为暴露于鱼类疏水性有机化学品的载体:两种聚合物和掺有三种模型化合物的二氧化硅颗粒的比较

已经提出了微塑料作为将环境污染物输送到生物群中的化学载体的作用,但它们的环境相关性仍然是一个有争议的问题。在本文中,我们比较了合成聚合物微粒 [玻璃状聚苯乙烯 (PS) 和橡胶状聚乙烯 (PE)] 和二氧化硅玻璃颗粒 (SG) 作为疏水性有机化学品 (HOC) 载体在摄入后进入鱼类的倾向和相对重要性。颗粒中掺入了三种 HOC [17α-炔雌醇、毒死蜱和苯并 (α) 芘],它们的疏水性不同并诱导众所周知的生物标志物反应。三刺棘鱼暴露在 8 种不同的饮食中:对照饮食 (1)、非掺入颗粒的饮食 (2-4)、含有掺入 3 种模型污染物的颗粒混合物的饮食 (5-7),最后,仅含有化学混合物 (8) 的饮食,持续 14 天。通过鱼肠、肝脏和大脑中的生物标志物(CYP1a、ERα、VTG 和 AChE)以及鱼肌肉中 HOC 的定量,对颗粒上的化学吸附进行量化并研究化学物质转移到鱼中。结果表明,颗粒介导的中等疏水性污染物化学转移到鱼体内。虽然 PS 和 PE 颗粒介导的 17α-炔雌醇和毒死蜱比 SG 更高的化学转移和组织积累,但发现总体化学转移非常低。目前的工作表明,化学物质在体内的化学吸附、解吸和随后的转移取决于多种相互关联的因素,包括颗粒和污染物的物理化学特性,以及毒代动力学和毒理学相互作用。然而,在处理与颗粒相关的化学混合物时,生物标志物方法对于评估化学转移是次优的。
更新日期:2020-07-03
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