Developing a simulator is a prevalent method for the study of any process in which various phenomena occur simultaneously, such as the precooling process; it is also necessary in package designing. During the precooling process of fruit and in the case of large packages at high airflow rates, the flow regime inside the packages is turbulent, which is in most studies assumed to be a laminar flow that causes low prediction accuracy. In the present study, a mathematical model consisting of heat and momentum transfer in the case of a transient and a k‐ɛ turbulence model, respectively, was developed in the precooling process of fruits. Two packages and two airflow rates were used to validate the model. The results demonstrate that the turbulence‐model‐based simulation of the precooling was carried out with a lower element number, within a shorter time, and with a satisfactory accuracy (R² > .93866 & RMSE < 0.62). The model could predict the air movement between the fruit and consequently the heat transfer between the air and fruit. The simulator could be utilized to package designing and predicting the precooling time at the industrial scale to prevent the over‐cooling of fruits and reduce energy consumption. Based on the results, the precooling of apples in the commercial package was conducted in both experimental and simulation methods with high heterogeneity lasting 268 and 520 min at airflow rates of 0.5 and 1.5 L s⁻¹ kg⁻¹_p, respectively. By using the developed simulator, the new package was designed for apple through which the cooling time and heterogeneity decreased 48% and 35%, respectively, as compared with those obtained in the commercial package.

中文翻译：

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探索水果预冷过程中湍流模式下的热和动量传递。

开发模拟器是研究任何同时发生各种现象的过程（例如预冷却过程）的一种普遍方法。包装设计中也有必要。在水果的预冷过程中，对于大包装，高风量的情况，包装内部的流动状态是湍流的，在大多数研究中，这被认为是层流，导致预测精度低。在本研究中，在水果的预冷过程中，建立了分别由瞬态和ak-ɛ湍流模型组成的热和动量传递组成的数学模型。使用两个包装和两个气流速率来验证模型。结果表明，基于湍流模型的预冷模拟是在较短的时间内以较少的元素数进行的，R ²  > .93866＆RMSE <0.62）。该模型可以预测水果之间的空气运动，从而预测空气和水果之间的热传递。该模拟器可用于包装设计并预测工业规模的预冷时间，以防止水果过冷并减少能耗。根据结果​​，采用实验和模拟方法对商业包装中的苹果进行了预冷却，这些异质性在0.5和1.5 L s ^-1  kg ^-1 _p的气流速率下持续了268和520 min的高异质性， 分别。通过使用开发的模拟器，为苹果设计了新包装，与商业包装相比，新包装的冷却时间和异质性分别降低了48％和35％。