Abstract Genus Prunus is of great importance for cultivation, mainly because its main species provide fruits and seeds, valuable ornamental qualities and timber. However, stone fruit trees and almonds, major cultivars of genus Prunus, are sensitive to salt stress. Such sensitivity causes losses in stone fruit and almond production (ca. 50% of regular yield at high salinity grounds). Having in mind that symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) may improve plant tolerance to salt stress and that symbiosis effect should be tested in case-by-case approach, we tested salt stress response of AMF inoculated GF677 rootstock (Prunus dulcis × Prunus persica hybrid) in this study. Adding to that, we tested GF677 symbiosis with two AMF species R. intraradices and F. mosseae. Results showed that under salinity stress AMF inoculated GF677 plants displayed improved physiological parameters (chlorophyll, soluble sugars and proline content) and increased antioxidant enzymes activity in comparison to non-inoculated control plants. Comparison of two AMF species beneficial effects on tested parameters revealed that for total chlorophyll content inoculation with F. mosseae has prevailed, while for total soluble sugars and proline content R. intraradices has prevailed. Finally, GF677 in symbiosis with F. mosseae was selected for molecular studies of salinity response. Since many of plants’ genes involved in simultaneous response to salt stress and AMF colonization remained unidentified so far, we performed bioinformatics analysis of freely online available data to find differentially expressed genes common to these two responses. Upon GO classification and networking analysis of genes identified as common to both responses, we selected two most prominent ones (UDPGT73C6 and CYP707A3) and tested their expression profile in leaves and roots of F. mosseae inoculated GF677 rootstocks under salt stress. Even though specific roles of UDPGT73C6 and CYP707A3 are uncharacterized in Prunus tree species, results suggested their involvement in response to salt stress and AMF inoculation of GF677 plants, which is in concordance with a scarce knowledge on their roles in other plant species. Based on this study finding we may conclude that symbiosis of GF677 rootstocks with AMF increases plants tolerance to salinity stress, which should be considered in other Prunus tree species as well.

中文翻译：

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与丛枝菌根真菌共生对GF677（桃×杏仁）砧木耐盐性的影响

摘要 李属具有重要的栽培价值，主要是因为它的主要种类提供果实和种子、有价值的观赏品质和木材。然而，李属的主要栽培品种核果树和杏仁对盐胁迫敏感。这种敏感性会导致核果和杏仁产量的损失（在高盐度地面下约为正常产量的 50%）。考虑到与丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 的共生可能会提高植物对盐胁迫的耐受性，并且应逐案测试共生效应，我们测试了 AMF 接种 GF677 砧木（Prunus dulcis × Prunus persica）的盐胁迫响应杂种）在本研究中。除此之外，我们还测试了 GF677 与两种 AMF 物种 R. intraradices 和 F. mosseae 的共生关系。结果表明，与未接种的对照植物相比，在盐度胁迫下，接种 GF677 的 AMF 植物显示出改善的生理参数（叶绿素、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量）和增加的抗氧化酶活性。两种 AMF 物种对测试参数的有益影响的比较表明，对于总叶绿素含量，用 F.mosseae 接种占优势，而对于总可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量，R.intraradices 占优势。最后，选择与 F. mosseae 共生的 GF677 用于盐度响应的分子研究。由于许多植物同时响应盐胁迫和 AMF 定植的基因至今仍未确定，我们对免费在线可用数据进行了生物信息学分析，以找到这两种反应共有的差异表达基因。在对确定为两种反应共有的基因进行 GO 分类和网络分析后，我们选择了两个最突出的基因（UDPGT73C6 和 CYP707A3），并测试了它们在盐胁迫下接种 GF677 砧木的 F. mosseae 叶片和根中的表达谱。尽管 UDPGT73C6 和 CYP707A3 在李属树种中的特定作用未表征，但结果表明它们参与了 GF677 植物对盐胁迫和 AMF 接种的反应，这与关于它们在其他植物物种中的作用的知识匮乏一致。基于这项研究发现，我们可以得出结论，GF677 砧木与 AMF 的共生增加了植物对盐分胁迫的耐受性，