The rise of Big Data and data science has prompted a focus on data as an essential component of making and innovating data-based services. Traditionally, however, digital data has not been object to co-design as have other physical or functional dimensions of IT application design. This is problematic, because it hinders domain experts who are not IT professionals from taking part in the discussions and design of the data-based services they use and provide. We argue that to address this challenge, it is necessary to empower such domain experts to be able to consider data as an object of design, so they may contribute their expertise to the design of data-based services and their underlying data structures. This paper describes how data may be foregrounded as an explicit element of design that support domain experts’ understanding of data as something that can be designed. We present a detailed interaction analysis of video recordings of three collaborative design workshops, in which we propose a form of data notation and two data representations. We find that data may become an object of design for domain experts when tangible and flexible representations of data are used. Based on our findings, we discuss five lessons learned for foregrounding data in co-design. Together, these provide practical insights for future work.

大数据和数据科学的兴起促使人们将数据作为创建和创新基于数据的服务的重要组成部分。但是，传统上，数字数据并没有像IT应用程序设计的其他物理或功能维度那样被共同设计。这是有问题的，因为它阻碍了不是IT专业人员的领域专家参与他们使用和提供的基于数据的服务的讨论和设计。我们认为，为了应对这一挑战，有必要使此类领域专家能够将数据视为设计的对象，以便他们可以在基于数据的服务及其底层数据结构的设计中贡献自己的专业知识。本文介绍了如何将数据作为设计的显式元素来前景化，以支持领域专家将数据理解为可以设计的东西。我们对三个协作设计工作室的录像进行了详细的交互分析，其中我们提出了一种数据符号和两种数据表示形式。我们发现，当使用有形和灵活的数据表示形式时，数据可能成为领域专家的设计对​​象。根据我们的发现，我们讨论了在协同设计中对数据进行前景分析的五个教训。这些共同为将来的工作提供了实用的见解。我们发现，当使用有形和灵活的数据表示形式时，数据可能成为领域专家的设计对​​象。根据我们的发现，我们讨论了在协同设计中对数据进行前景分析的五个教训。这些共同为将来的工作提供了实用的见解。我们发现，当使用有形和灵活的数据表示形式时，数据可能成为领域专家的设计对​​象。根据我们的发现，我们讨论了在协同设计中对数据进行前景分析的五个教训。这些共同为将来的工作提供了实用的见解。