Hard carbon is the most prospective anode material for sodium-ion batteries with outstanding electrochemical performance. However, the type of reaction associated with charge storage is a subject of contentious deliberations within the scientific society. We examined the pseudocapacitive behavior of glucose-derived hard carbon with different porosity by detailed linear sweep voltammetric analysis which demonstrated the presence of three distinct processes occurring during Na⁺-deinsertion. A combination of pseudocapacitive-intercalation-pseudocapacitive behavior for all synthesized hard carbons is proposed. Obtained results differ drastically from the behavior demonstrated by graphite/Li cell, soft carbon/Na cell and pure Na metal plating.

硬碳是钠离子电池最有前景的阳极材料，具有出色的电化学性能。然而，与电荷存储相关的反应类型是科学社会内有争议的讨论主题。我们通过详细的线性扫描伏安法分析了具有不同孔隙率的葡萄糖衍生的硬碳的假电容行为，该分析证明了在Na ⁺插入过程中存在三个不同的过程。提出了对所有合成硬碳的拟电容插层-拟电容行为的组合。所获得的结果与石墨/锂电池，软碳/钠电池和纯钠金属镀层所表现出的行为截然不同。