In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of treating water contaminated with ketoprofen (KET) by ultrasound (US) and sono-activated persulfate (US/PS) systems. The effects of different reaction parameters, such as the initial pharmaceutical compound concentration (C₀), persulfate concentration, ultrasonic power, and initial pH of the solution (pH_i) on the KET removal and reaction kinetics were investigated. Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) was used as a chemical probe to identify the predominant radicals in the US and US/PS systems. The results demonstrated that the persulfate oxidant can be activated by US under neutral and alkaline conditions. Moreover, KET was predominantly degraded by hydroxyl radicals (HO^.) generated by the activation of persulfate. Under alkaline conditions, the removal efficiency of KET improved with increasing amount of persulfate added. HO^. was the dominant radical at a more alkaline pH in both US and US/PS systems, which was verified by the tert-butyl alcohol probe. These results provide insights into the treatment of water contaminated with pharmaceutical compounds.

中文翻译：

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声活化过硫酸盐氧化去除水中的酮洛芬

在这项研究中，我们评估了通过超声（US）和声活化过硫酸盐（US / PS）系统处理被酮洛芬（KET）污染的水的可行性。研究了不同反应参数（如药物化合物的初始浓度（C ₀），过硫酸盐浓度，超声功率和溶液的初始pH值（pH _i））对KET去除和反应动力学的影响。叔丁醇（TBA）被用作化学探针，以鉴定美国和US / PS系统中的主要自由基。结果表明，过硫酸盐氧化剂可以在中性和碱性条件下被US活化。此外，KET主要被羟基自由基降解（HO ^。）由过硫酸盐活化而产生。在碱性条件下，KET的去除效率随着过硫酸盐添加量的增加而提高。HO ^。在US和PS / PS系统中，在更碱性的pH值下，H 2是主要的自由基，这已通过叔丁醇探针证实。这些结果为处理被药物化合物污染的水提供了见识。