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Soil microbial and nutrient responses over seven years of organic apple orchard maturation
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10705-020-10080-y
Jade Jones , Mary C. Savin , Curt R. Rom , Edward Gbur

Seven years of twelve treatment combinations of annual compost, wood chips, shredded paper mulch, or mow-and-blow ground cover and poultry litter, organic commercial, or no fertilizer control surface applications on soil decomposition and microbial activity were evaluated in an organic apple orchard. Because soil amendments were surface applied, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, organic matter, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (N), ammonium-N, and nitrate-N concentrations were measured in March from 2007 to 2013 at 0–0.1 and 0.1–0.3 m soil depths where biochemical activity and nutrient availability were expected to be greatest and where tree roots were expected to be located. Ground covers were applied by volume based on horticulture management and these applications rather than fertilizers were stronger drivers of soil nutrient and microbial property responses. Dehydrogenase and β-glucosaminidase activities were 1.5 times greater in 2008 and 2009, respectively, under mow-and-blow as compared to other ground covers. Enzymes may be sensitive indicators separating living and non-living mulch effects on soil during establishment of fruit tree orchards in the southeastern U.S. Organic matter (OM) and soil water content increased in all ground covers during the study. At greatest differences, soil OM and DOC were more than twice and dissolved total N and nitrate-N were more than three and five times greater in compost than other ground cover treatments. Relative differences between compost and other ground covers did not persist to the same extent during the seven years. Orchard floor management may need different strategies during different stages of orchard development.

中文翻译:

有机苹果园成熟期7年的土壤微生物和养分响应

在一个有机苹果中,评估了十二年组合肥料,木屑,切碎的纸覆盖物或割草覆盖的地面和家禽垫料,有机市售产品或无肥料表面施肥对土壤分解和微生物活性的十二个处理组合中的七年。果园。由于土壤改良剂是表面施用的,因此,2007年3月至2013年3月在0时测量了微生物的生物量,酶活性,有机物,溶解的有机碳(DOC)和溶解的总氮(N),铵态氮和硝态氮浓度。在0.1和0.1-0.3 m的土壤深度中,生化活性和养分可利用性预计最大,而树根预计位于其中。地面覆盖物是基于园艺管理按体积施用的,这些施用而非肥料是土壤养分和微生物特性响应的更强驱动力。与其他地面覆盖物相比,在割草和吹拂的情况下,2008年和2009年的脱氢酶和β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性分别高出1.5倍。酶可能是区分美国东南部果树园建立过程中对土壤的有生命和无生命的覆盖物影响的敏感指标,并且在研究过程中所有地面覆盖物中的土壤含水量都有所增加。与其他地面覆盖物处理方法相比,最大的差异是堆肥中的土壤OM和DOC超过两倍,而溶解的总N和硝酸盐N的堆肥高出三到五倍。在这七年中,堆肥和其他地面覆盖物之间的相对差异没有持续到相同的程度。在果园开发的不同阶段,果园地面管理可能需要不同的策略。
更新日期:2020-07-03
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