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Landscape influence on biophony in an urban environment in the European Alps
Landscape Ecology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10980-020-01049-x
Jacob Dein , Johannes Rüdisser

Context Biophony is the acoustic manifestation of biodiversity, and humans interact with biophony in many ways. However, quantifying biophony across urban landscapes has proven difficult in the presence of anthrophony, or sounds generated by humans. Improved assessment methods are required to progress our understanding of the processes influencing biophony across a variety of spatial–temporal scales. Objectives We aimed to identify how the landscape influences biophony, as well as the total acoustic environment, along an urban to rural gradient. We designed the study to quantify how soundscape–landscape relationships change across a variety of spatial–temporal scales. Methods We recorded the afternoon acoustic environment during the spring of 2016 at 30 locations in the city of Innsbruck, Austria using a spatially balanced random sampling design. We quantified the total acoustic environment with the sound exposure level (SEL) metric, and developed a new metric, percent biophony (PB), to quantify biophony while avoiding noise bias. We quantified relationships with land cover (LC) classes, as well as a landscape index, distance to nature (D 2 N), across 10 scales. Results D 2 N within 1280 m best predicted PB, while both the LC class trees and D 2 N within 40 m best predicted SEL. PB increased more throughout the spring at locations with more natural surrounding LC, while PB did not change significantly at locations with more urban surrounding LC. Conclusions LC and composite indices can serve as reasonable predictors for the acoustic environment; however, the relationships are scale dependent. Mapping soundscapes can help to illustrate possible driving mechanisms and provide a valuable tool for urban management and planning.

中文翻译:

欧洲阿尔卑斯山城市环境中景观对生物声学的影响

上下文 生物声学是生物多样性的声学表现,人类以多种方式与生物声学相互作用。然而,在存在人性或人类产生的声音的情况下,量化城市景观中的生物声音已被证明是困难的。需要改进评估方法来加深我们对影响各种时空尺度的生物声学的过程的理解。目标我们旨在确定景观如何影响沿城市到农村梯度的生物声以及总体声学环境。我们设计了这项研究来量化音景-景观关系如何在各种时空尺度上发生变化。方法 我们使用空间平衡随机抽样设计记录了 2016 年春季在奥地利因斯布鲁克市 30 个地点的下午声环境。我们使用声音暴露水平 (SEL) 指标量化了总声学环境,并开发了一个新指标,即生物声学百分比 (PB),以在避免噪声偏差的同时量化生物声学。我们量化了与土地覆盖 (LC) 类别的关系,以及景观指数、与自然的距离 (D 2 N),跨越 10 个尺度。结果 1280 m 内的 D 2 N 最能预测 PB,而 LC 类树和 40 m 内的 D 2 N 最能预测 SEL。整个春季,在自然周边 LC 较多的位置,PB 增加更多,而在城市周边 LC 较多的位置,PB 没有显着变化。结论 LC 和综合指数可以作为声环境的合理预测指标;然而,这些关系是规模相关的。
更新日期:2020-07-03
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