Raman spectroscopy is a technique that can detect and characterize a range of molecular compounds such as water, water ice, water-bearing minerals, and organics of particular interest to planetary science. The detection and characterization of these molecular compounds, which are indications of habitability on planetary bodies, have become an important goal for planetary exploration missions spanning the solar system. Using a compact portable remote Raman system consisting of a 532 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet- (Nd:YAG-) pulsed laser, a 3-in. (7.62 cm) diameter mirror lens and a compact spectrograph with a miniature intensified charge coupled device (mini-ICCD), we were able to detect water (H2O), water ice (H2O-ice), CO2-ice, hydrous minerals, organics, nitrates, and an amino acid from a remote distance of 122 m in natural lighting conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest remote Raman detection using a compact system. The development of this uniquely compact portable remote Raman system is applicable to a range of solar system exploration missions including stationary landers for ocean worlds and lunar exploration, as they provide unambiguous detection of compounds indicative of life as well as resources necessary for further human exploration.

中文翻译：

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EXPRESS：使用紧凑型便携式远程拉曼系统在 122 米处检测与行星探索相关的矿物和有机物

拉曼光谱是一种可以检测和表征一系列分子化合物的技术，例如水、水冰、含水矿物和行星科学特别感兴趣的有机物。这些分子化合物的检测和表征是行星体可居住性的标志，已成为跨越太阳系的行星探索任务的重要目标。使用由 532 nm 掺钕钇铝石榴石 - (Nd:YAG-) 脉冲激光器组成的紧凑型便携式远程拉曼系统，一个 3 英寸。(7.62 cm) 直径的镜面透镜和带有微型增强电荷耦合装置 (mini-ICCD) 的紧凑型光谱仪，我们能够检测水 (H2O)、水冰 (H2O-ice)、CO2-冰、含水矿物质、有机物, 硝酸盐, 以及在自然光照条件下 122 m 远距离的氨基酸。据我们所知，这是使用紧凑系统的最长远程拉曼检测。这种独特的紧凑型便携式远程拉曼系统的开发适用于一系列太阳系探索任务，包括用于海洋世界和月球探索的固定着陆器，因为它们可以明确检测指示生命的化合物以及进一步人类探索所需的资源。