This paper presents a review of recent research on direct upgrading of coal/biomass volatiles into aromatics by catalytic pyrolysis and syngas by gasification with catalytic steam reforming. Coal/biomass valorization is considered an important part to fill up the depletion of modern fossil fuel resources. The catalytic pyrolysis process is a potential approach to improve coal tar/bio-oil quality by minimizing its undesirable properties (high viscosity, corrosivity, instability, etc.) and producing renewable fuels and high-value chemicals, such as aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, etc.). Gasification reforming as a promising process for renewable energy utilization can produce H₂-rich syngas. The produced syngas can be further synthesized to fuel and chemicals via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive review of the research and development of conversion of coal and biomass volatiles in terms of technological types and catalysts. Aspects related to upgrading technology, the reactor type of catalytic pyrolysis and gasification, and the reaction mechanisms to specific products during the catalytic process are also discussed comprehensively. In particular, catalytic upgrading by fast pyrolysis involves a series of reactions, including deoxygenation, cracking, hydrocarbon pool mechanism, aromatization, and condensation, as well as desulfurization and denitrification in the gasification process. Some key points that are to be addressed for the established process of coal and biomass volatile upgrading may include finding multifunctional catalysts and reactor development for improving the efficiency. Expanding and enhancing knowledge about catalyst utilization and fundamental reaction mechanisms in the thermochemical catalytic conversion technologies of coal and biomass will play an important role in the generation of chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

中文翻译：

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煤和生物质挥发物的催化转化研究进展

本文介绍了最近的研究进展，这些研究涉及通过催化热解将煤/生物质挥发物直接转化为芳烃，以及通过催化蒸汽重整进行气化来合成气。煤炭/生物质增值被认为是填补现代化石燃料资源枯竭的重要组成部分。催化热解工艺是一种潜在的方法，可通过最大程度地降低煤焦油/生物油的不良特性（高粘度，腐蚀性，不稳定性等）并生产可再生燃料和高价值化学品（例如芳烃（苯，甲苯））来改善煤焦油/生物油的质量。 ，乙苯，二甲苯等）。气化重整作为可再生能源利用的有前途的过程可以产生H ₂富含合成气。产生的合成气可以通过费托合成进一步合成为燃料和化学物质。因此，本研究从技术类型和催化剂方面对煤和生物质挥发物转化的研究与开发进行了全面综述。还全面讨论了升级技术，催化热解和气化的反应器类型以及催化过程中特定产物的反应机理等方面。特别地，通过快速热解的催化提质涉及一系列反应，包括脱氧，裂化，烃合并机制，芳构化和冷凝以及气化过程中的脱硫和反硝化。既定的煤炭和生物质挥发物提纯过程要解决的一些关键点可能包括寻找多功能催化剂和开发反应器以提高效率。在煤炭和生物质的热化学催化转化技术中，扩大和增强有关催化剂利用和基本反应机理的知识将在化学物质和碳中性燃料的产生中发挥重要作用。