Purpose of review 

To summarize a new form of autoimmune diabetes as an adverse event of specific cancer immunotherapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are revolutionary treatments in advanced cancers; however, they can cause type 1 diabetes following treatment with these state-of-the-art therapies.

Recent findings 

A review of the literature showed that this new form of autoimmune diabetes has significant similarities with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes but also some distinctions. It frequently presents with severe diabetic ketoacidosis and almost half of the patients have type 1 diabetes-associated antibodies at presentation. Rapid loss of residual beta-cell function with a lack of honeymoon phase is typical. Certain human leukocyte antigen risk genes for prototypical type 1 diabetes that develops in children and young adults are also commonly found in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes.

Summary 

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening adverse event of cancer immunotherapy. Healthcare providers should be aware of this adverse event to prevent morbidity and mortality related to diabetic ketoacidosis. Developing guidelines to identify and monitor risk groups are of utmost importance.

中文翻译：

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与免疫检查点抑制剂相关的不良事件：自身免疫性糖尿病的新时代。

审查目的 

总结一种新形式的自身免疫性糖尿病作为特定癌症免疫疗法的不良事件。免疫检查点抑制剂是晚期癌症的革命性治疗方法；然而，在使用这些最先进的疗法进行治疗后，它们可能会导致1 型糖尿病。

最近的发现 

文献综述表明，这种新形式的自身免疫性糖尿病与儿童期发病的1 型糖尿病有显着相似之处，但也有一些区别。它经常表现为严重的糖尿病酮症酸中毒，并且几乎一半的患者在出现时具有1 型糖尿病相关抗体。由于缺乏蜜月期，残留的 β 细胞功能迅速丧失是典型的。在儿童和年轻人中发生的原型1 型糖尿病的某些人类白细胞抗原风险基因也常见于免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的1 型糖尿病患者。

概括 

出现糖尿病酮症酸中毒的免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的1 型糖尿病是癌症 免疫治疗的危及生命的不良事件。医疗保健提供者应了解这种不良事件，以预防与糖尿病酮症酸中毒相关的发病率和死亡率。制定指南以识别和监控风险群体至关重要。