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Novel Necropsy Findings Linked to Peracute Underwater Entrapment in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00503 Alexandra L. Epple , Joanna T. Daniel , Susan G. Barco , David S. Rotstein , Alexander M. Costidis
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00503 Alexandra L. Epple , Joanna T. Daniel , Susan G. Barco , David S. Rotstein , Alexander M. Costidis
Peracute underwater entrapment (PUE) is a recognized cause of death associated with anthropogenic trauma in marine mammals. We describe internal lesions likely resulting from extreme agonal exertion in bottlenose dolphins due to entanglement and forced submergence in fishing gear during PUE. We reviewed necropsy findings from bottlenose dolphins with known PUE statuses in Virginia, United States from 2016–2019 (n = 31) for the presence of five lesions: pulmonary petechiae, pulmonary perivascular edema, hemorrhagic pulmonary lymph, separation of the rectus abdominis muscles, and acute abdominal hernias. Of the 31 cases, 23 were considered PUE cases due to the presence of external ligature marks consistent with entanglement in fishing gear. Of the animals examined, pulmonary perivascular edema, pulmonary petechiae, and hemorrhagic pulmonary lymph were found in both PUE and non-PUE cases. Though found in one non-PUE case, pulmonary perivascular edema was significantly related to PUE. There was no significant relationship between PUE and pulmonary petechiae or hemorrhagic pulmonary lymph. Rectus abdominis muscle separations and acute abdominal hernias were only found in PUE cases and nine animals exhibited either one (n = 7) or both (n = 2) of these traumatic lesions. Although these two lesions were relatively rare, there was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of one or both of the lesions and positive PUE status. This study suggests that pulmonary perivascular edema, acute hernias and separations of the rectus abdominis muscles may be useful for diagnosing PUE in the absence of external fishery interaction lesions, and highlights the severity of agonal fisheries interactions.
中文翻译:
与宽吻海豚 (Tursiops truncatus) 超急性水下诱捕相关的新尸检结果
超急性水下诱捕 (PUE) 是公认的与海洋哺乳动物人为创伤相关的死亡原因。我们描述了在 PUE 期间,由于缠结和被迫浸入渔具中,宽吻海豚的极度痛苦可能导致的内部损伤。我们回顾了 2016 年至 2019 年美国弗吉尼亚州已知 PUE 状态的宽吻海豚的尸检结果(n = 31),其中存在五种病变:肺瘀点、肺血管周围水肿、肺淋巴液出血、腹直肌分离、和急性腹疝。在 31 个案例中,23 个被认为是 PUE 案例,因为存在与渔具缠结一致的外部结扎痕迹。在检查的动物中,肺血管周围水肿、肺瘀点、在 PUE 和非 PUE 病例中都发现了肺淋巴管和出血性肺淋巴管。虽然在 1 例非 PUE 病例中发现,但肺血管周围水肿与 PUE 显着相关。PUE与肺瘀点或肺淋巴出血无显着关系。腹直肌分离和急性腹疝仅在 PUE 病例中发现,9 只动物表现出这些创伤性病变中的一种 (n = 7) 或两者 (n = 2)。尽管这两个病变相对较少,但其中一个或两个病变的存在与 PUE 阳性状态之间存在统计学上显着的关系。这项研究表明,肺血管周围水肿、急性疝气和腹直肌分离可能有助于在没有外部渔业相互作用病变的情况下诊断 PUE,
更新日期:2020-07-02
中文翻译:
与宽吻海豚 (Tursiops truncatus) 超急性水下诱捕相关的新尸检结果
超急性水下诱捕 (PUE) 是公认的与海洋哺乳动物人为创伤相关的死亡原因。我们描述了在 PUE 期间,由于缠结和被迫浸入渔具中,宽吻海豚的极度痛苦可能导致的内部损伤。我们回顾了 2016 年至 2019 年美国弗吉尼亚州已知 PUE 状态的宽吻海豚的尸检结果(n = 31),其中存在五种病变:肺瘀点、肺血管周围水肿、肺淋巴液出血、腹直肌分离、和急性腹疝。在 31 个案例中,23 个被认为是 PUE 案例,因为存在与渔具缠结一致的外部结扎痕迹。在检查的动物中,肺血管周围水肿、肺瘀点、在 PUE 和非 PUE 病例中都发现了肺淋巴管和出血性肺淋巴管。虽然在 1 例非 PUE 病例中发现,但肺血管周围水肿与 PUE 显着相关。PUE与肺瘀点或肺淋巴出血无显着关系。腹直肌分离和急性腹疝仅在 PUE 病例中发现,9 只动物表现出这些创伤性病变中的一种 (n = 7) 或两者 (n = 2)。尽管这两个病变相对较少,但其中一个或两个病变的存在与 PUE 阳性状态之间存在统计学上显着的关系。这项研究表明,肺血管周围水肿、急性疝气和腹直肌分离可能有助于在没有外部渔业相互作用病变的情况下诊断 PUE,