Immunity from reinfection One of the many open questions about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is whether an individual who has cleared the virus can be infected a second time and get sick. Chandrashekar et al. and Deng et al. generated rhesus macaque models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested whether natural SARS-CoV-2 infection could result in immunity to viral rechallenge. They found that animals indeed developed immune responses that protected against a second infection. Although there are differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques and in humans, these findings have key implications for public health and economic initiatives if validated in human studies. Science, this issue p. 812, p. 818 SARS-CoV-2 infection was able to induce robust protective immunity against reexposure to virus in nonhuman primates. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. It is unclear whether convalescing patients have a risk of reinfection. We generated a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection that was characterized by interstitial pneumonia and systemic viral dissemination mainly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Rhesus macaques reinfected with the identical SARS-CoV-2 strain during the early recovery phase of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection did not show detectable viral dissemination, clinical manifestations of viral disease, or histopathological changes. Comparing the humoral and cellular immunity between primary infection and rechallenge revealed notably enhanced neutralizing antibody and immune responses. Our results suggest that primary SARS-CoV-2 exposure protects against subsequent reinfection in rhesus macaques.

中文翻译：

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初次接触 SARS-CoV-2 可防止恒河猴再次感染

对再次感染的免疫力 关于严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染的许多悬而未决的问题之一是，已清除病毒的个体是否会再次感染并生病。Chandrashekar 等人。和邓等人。生成了 SARS-CoV-2 感染的恒河猴模型，并测试了自然 SARS-CoV-2 感染是否会导致对病毒再攻击的免疫力。他们发现动物确实产生了免疫反应，可以防止第二次感染。尽管猕猴和人类的 SARS-CoV-2 感染之间存在差异，但如果在人类研究中得到验证，这些发现将对公共卫生和经济举措产生关键影响。科学，这个问题 p。812 页。818 SARS-CoV-2 感染能够在非人类灵长类动物中诱导强大的保护性免疫，以防止再次接触病毒。由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 已成为全球大流行病。目前尚不清楚正在康复的患者是否有再次感染的风险。我们生成了 SARS-CoV-2 感染的恒河猴模型，其特征是间质性肺炎和系统性病毒传播，主要在呼吸道和胃肠道。在最初 SARS-CoV-2 感染的早期恢复阶段再次感染相同的 SARS-CoV-2 株的恒河猴没有表现出可检测的病毒传播、病毒性疾病的临床表现或组织病理学变化。比较初次感染和再感染之间的体液免疫和细胞免疫，发现中和抗体和免疫反应显着增强。我们的结果表明，初次接触 SARS-CoV-2 可以防止恒河猴随后再次感染。