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Occupational exposure and health risks of volatile organic compounds of hotel housekeepers: Field measurements of exposure and health risks.
Indoor Air ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1111/ina.12709 Nan Lin 1 , Marie-Anne Rosemberg 2 , Wei Li 2 , Emily Meza-Wilson 3 , Christopher Godwin 1 , Stuart Batterman 1
Indoor Air ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1111/ina.12709 Nan Lin 1 , Marie-Anne Rosemberg 2 , Wei Li 2 , Emily Meza-Wilson 3 , Christopher Godwin 1 , Stuart Batterman 1
Affiliation
Hotel housekeepers represent a large, low‐income, predominantly minority, and high‐risk workforce. Little is known about their exposure to chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study evaluates VOC exposures of housekeepers, sources and factors affecting VOC levels, and provides preliminary estimates of VOC‐related health risks. We utilized indoor and personal sampling at two hotels, assessed ventilation, and characterized the VOC composition of cleaning agents. Personal sampling of hotel staff showed a total target VOC concentration of 57 ± 36 µg/m3 (mean ± SD), about twice that of indoor samples. VOCs of greatest health significance included chloroform and formaldehyde. Several workers had exposure to alkanes that could cause non‐cancer effects. VOC levels were negatively correlated with estimated air change rates. The composition and concentrations of the tested products and air samples helped identify possible emission sources, which included building sources (for formaldehyde), disinfection by‐products in the laundry room, and cleaning products. VOC levels and the derived health risks in this study were at the lower range found in the US buildings. The excess lifetime cancer risk (average of 4.1 × 10−5) still indicates a need to lower exposure by reducing or removing toxic constituents, especially formaldehyde, or by increasing ventilation rates.
中文翻译:
酒店管家挥发性有机化合物的职业暴露和健康风险:暴露和健康风险的现场测量。
酒店管家是一个庞大的、低收入的、以少数族裔为主的高风险劳动力群体。人们对他们接触化学物质(包括挥发性有机化合物(VOC))的情况知之甚少。本研究评估了管家的 VOC 暴露、VOC 水平的来源和影响因素,并提供了 VOC 相关健康风险的初步估计。我们在两家酒店进行了室内和个人采样,评估了通风情况,并表征了清洁剂的 VOC 成分。酒店工作人员的个人采样显示,VOC 总目标浓度为 57 ± 36 µg/m 3(平均值 ± 标准差),约为室内样本的两倍。对健康影响最大的挥发性有机化合物包括氯仿和甲醛。一些工人接触过可能导致非癌症影响的烷烃。VOC 水平与估计的换气率呈负相关。测试产品和空气样本的成分和浓度有助于确定可能的排放源,其中包括建筑源(甲醛)、洗衣房的消毒副产品和清洁产品。本研究中的挥发性有机化合物水平和衍生的健康风险处于美国建筑物中的较低范围。终生癌症风险过高(平均为 4.1 × 10 -5)仍然表明需要通过减少或去除有毒成分(尤其是甲醛)或增加通风率来降低暴露。
更新日期:2020-07-01
中文翻译:
酒店管家挥发性有机化合物的职业暴露和健康风险:暴露和健康风险的现场测量。
酒店管家是一个庞大的、低收入的、以少数族裔为主的高风险劳动力群体。人们对他们接触化学物质(包括挥发性有机化合物(VOC))的情况知之甚少。本研究评估了管家的 VOC 暴露、VOC 水平的来源和影响因素,并提供了 VOC 相关健康风险的初步估计。我们在两家酒店进行了室内和个人采样,评估了通风情况,并表征了清洁剂的 VOC 成分。酒店工作人员的个人采样显示,VOC 总目标浓度为 57 ± 36 µg/m 3(平均值 ± 标准差),约为室内样本的两倍。对健康影响最大的挥发性有机化合物包括氯仿和甲醛。一些工人接触过可能导致非癌症影响的烷烃。VOC 水平与估计的换气率呈负相关。测试产品和空气样本的成分和浓度有助于确定可能的排放源,其中包括建筑源(甲醛)、洗衣房的消毒副产品和清洁产品。本研究中的挥发性有机化合物水平和衍生的健康风险处于美国建筑物中的较低范围。终生癌症风险过高(平均为 4.1 × 10 -5)仍然表明需要通过减少或去除有毒成分(尤其是甲醛)或增加通风率来降低暴露。