The world today is not only facing the problem of depleting energy sources but also generation of waste from anthropogenic activities. While waste is a risk, it is also an opportunity to solve this dual problem through utilization of waste as a potential source of energy and products. In order to reconcile the management of waste to the scale of its production, several researches are being pursued. Establishment of bioeconomy is a great way to achieve this goal. But inherent challenges associated with biowaste include manageability of by-products and sludge, wide variety in waste composition, efficiency of the process and economic viability of treatment technologies to scale-up and industrialize beyond laboratory setup. Recent advancements have been made in this regard with the use of new techniques, synergistic catalysts, combination of technologies and novel treatment materials to remediate the challenges and maximize the value of waste by utilizing it as a feedstock to produce industrial chemicals, fuels and materials. This review provides an insight into these developments, along with the critical discussion, limitations and economic feasibility of waste valorization technologies to provide new understanding for the advancement of bioeconomy.

当今世界不仅面临能源枯竭的问题，而且还面临人为活动产生的废物。尽管浪费是一种风险，但它也是通过利用浪费作为潜在的能源和产品来解决这个双重问题的机会。为了使废物管理与废物的生产规模协调一致，正在进行一些研究。建立生物经济是实现这一目标的好方法。但是，与生物废物相关的内在挑战包括副产物和污泥的可管理性，废物组成的多样性，处理效率以及处理技术在实验室设置之外进行规模化和工业化的经济可行性。在这方面，通过使用新技术，增效催化剂，通过将技术与新型处理材料相结合，以克服挑战，并通过将其作为生产工业化学品，燃料和材料的原料来最大程度地利用废物。这篇综述提供了对这些发展的见识，以及废物估价技术的批判性讨论，局限性和经济可行性，从而为生物经济的发展提供了新的认识。