Microbes play a crucial role in arsenic (As) biogeochemical cycling and show great potential for environmental detoxification and bioremediation. Efflux, transformation, and compartmentalization are key processes in microbial As resistance. However, organelle specific As detoxification and fate during intracellular transfer and compartmentalization is not well understood. We conducted a time course experiment (2–5 days) of the organelle separation for fungal strains to explore subcellular As distributions. After exposure to 10 mg L⁻¹ of arsenate (As(V)), the As accumulation among fungal organelles was generally in the order of extracellular (65 %) > cell wall (15 %) > vacuole (10 %) > other organelles (8 %). The vacuole As accounted for 55 % of the protoplast As. Extracellular bonding and vacuole compartmentalization were the main mechanisms of As resistance in the fungal strains tested. Glutathione (GSH) increases in fungal protoplast in response to As toxicity, acting as a reasonable indicator of As tolerance. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that carboxyl and amines groups within fungal cell walls potentially bind with As preventing As influx. Further analysis using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) identified that fungal septa besides vacuole could also immobilize As.

微生物在砷（As）生物地球化学循环中起着至关重要的作用，并显示出环境排毒和生物修复的巨大潜力。外排，转化和区室化是微生物作为抗药性的关键过程。然而，细胞内转移和分隔过程中细胞器特异的排毒和命运尚不十分清楚。我们对真菌菌株进行了细胞器分离的时程实验（2至5天），以探索亚细胞As的分布。暴露于10 mg L ^-1后在砷酸盐（As（V））中，真菌细胞器中的As积累通常为细胞外（65％）>细胞壁（15％）>液泡（10％）>其他细胞器（8％）。液泡As占原生质体As的55％。细胞外键合和液泡区室化是所测试的真菌菌株中As抗性的主要机制。谷胱甘肽（GSH）响应于As毒性而在真菌原生质体中增加，是As耐受性的合理指标。傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱表明，真菌细胞壁中的羧基和胺基可能与防止As流入的As结合。使用扫描透射X射线显微镜（STXM）进行的进一步分析表明，除了液泡之外的真菌隔垫还可以固定As。