The performance of a polyamide-based thin-film composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane (NF33) was investigated for the retention of atenolol, a pharmaceutical pollutant, from the single and binary aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, applied pressure, feed flux, initial atenolol (ATN) concentration, and different co-existing salts with varying concentrations were studied to test the performance of the membrane. The removal efficiency of ATN increased with increasing solution pH giving the highest retention (70.9 ± 3.1) at pH 9, which was slightly decreased with the increasing initial ATN concentration but increased with increasing applied pressure and feed flux. As per the uncharged solutes rejection concept, the average pore radius of NF membrane for slit-like and cylindrical pore geometries were, respectively 0.169 ± 0.003 and 0.264 ± 0.009 nm. The Spiegler-Kedem model could predict the performance of NF membrane by retaining ATN over the investigated range of feed flux. The calculated reflection coefficient (σ) was close to unity, demonstrating the convective transport. Addition of CaCl₂ as a co-existing salt into the feed showed promoting effect on ATN retention, and its efficiency was lowered by the addition of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ salts. As per the cost analysis, the total annualized cost of treatment by the NF was found to be 0.53 $/m³

研究了聚酰胺基薄膜复合纳米过滤（NF）膜（NF33）的性能，用于从单一和二元水溶液中保留药物污染物阿替洛尔。研究了pH，施加压力，进料通量，初始阿替洛尔（ATN）浓度以及不同浓度的不同共存盐的影响，以测试膜的性能。ATN的去除效率随溶液pH值的增加而增加，在pH 9时具有最高的保留（70.9±3.1），随初始ATN浓度的增加而略有降低，但随施加压力和进料流量的增加而增加。根据不带电荷的溶质排斥概念，对于狭缝状和圆柱形孔几何形状，NF膜的平均孔半径分别为0.169±0.003和0.264±0.009 nm。Spiegler-Kedem模型可以通过在进料流量的研究范围内保留ATN来预测NF膜的性能。计算出的反射系数（σ）接近统一，说明了对流传输。将CaCl ₂作为共存盐添加到饲料中显示出对ATN保留的促进作用，并且通过添加NaCl和Na ₂ SO ₄盐降低了其效率。根据成本分析，发现NF的年度治疗总成本为0.53 $ / m ³