While scleral lenses have been fitted using diagnostic lenses or impression moulding techniques for over a century, recent advances in anterior segment imaging such as optical coherence tomography and corneo-scleral profilometry have significantly improved the current understanding of the anatomy of the anterior eye including the morphometry of the conjunctiva, sclera, and corneo-scleral junction, as well as the ocular surface shape and elevation. These technological advances in ocular imaging along with continual improvements and innovations in scleral lens design and manufacturing have led to a global increase in scleral lens prescribing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the conjunctiva and sclera in the context of modern scleral lens practice, including anatomical variations in healthy and diseased eyes, the physiological impact of scleral lens wear, potential fitting challenges, and current approaches to lens modifications in order to minimise lens-induced complications and adverse ocular effects. Specific topics requiring further research are also discussed.

虽然巩膜镜片已经使用诊断镜片或印模成型技术安装了一个多世纪，但最近在眼前节成像方面的进展，如光学相干断层扫描和角膜巩膜轮廓测量法，显着提高了目前对前眼解剖结构的理解，包括形态测量学结膜、巩膜和角巩膜交界处，以及眼表形状和高度。眼部成像的这些技术进步以及巩膜镜片设计和制造方面的不断改进和创新导致全球巩膜镜片处方的增加。本综述全面概述了现代巩膜镜片实践中的结膜和巩膜，包括健康和患病眼睛的解剖变异，巩膜镜片佩戴的生理影响、潜在的配戴挑战，以及目前为了尽量减少镜片引起的并发症和不利的眼部影响而修改镜片的方法。还讨论了需要进一步研究的特定主题。