Abstract Results are reported from a new lunar base study with a concise architectural program: build and operate a human-tended base that produces enough oxygen and hydrogen from lunar polar ice In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) for four flights per year of a reusable lander shuttling between the Lunar Gateway and the base. The study examines for the modern era issues first developed and reconciled by the Robotic Lunar Surface Operations (RLSO) study published in 1990 and resurrected at the 69th IAC in Bremen. The new study updates key assumptions for 1) resources - lunar polar ice instead of ilmenite; 2) solar power - polar lighting conditions instead of the 28-day equatorial lunation cycle; 3) transportation - use of multiple flight systems now in development and planning; 4) base site planning - a range of options near, straddling, and inside permanently shadowed regions; 5) ISRU scenarios - for harvesting ice and for constructing radiation shielding from regolith. As did the original study, RLSO2 combines US experts in mission design, space architecture, robotic surface operations, autonomy, ISRU, operations analysis, and human space mission and lunar surface experience. Unlike the original study, the new study uses contemporary tools: CAD engineering of purpose-design base elements, and integrated performance captured in a numerical operations model. This allows rapid iteration to converge system sizing, and builds a legacy analysis tool that can assess the performance benefits and impacts of any proposed system element in the context of the overall base. The paper presents an overview of the ground rules, assumptions, methodology, operations model, element designs, base site plan, and quantitative findings. These findings include the performance of various regolith and ice resource utilization schemes as a function of base location and lunar surface parameters. The paper closes with short lists of the highest priority experiments and demonstrations needed on the lunar surface to retire key planning unknowns.

中文翻译：

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机器人月球表面作业 2

摘要报告了一项新的月球基地研究的结果，其中包含一个简洁的建筑计划：建造和运营一个人工基地，该基地从月球极地冰原位资源利用 (ISRU) 产生足够的氧气和氢气，供每年四次飞行的可重复使用着陆器在月球门户和基地之间穿梭。该研究调查了由 1990 年出版的机器人月球表面操作 (RLSO) 研究首次开发和协调的现代问题，并在不来梅举行的第 69 届 IAC 上重新提出。新研究更新了对 1) 资源的关键假设——月球极地冰而不是钛铁矿；2）太阳能——极地光照条件而不是28天赤道月周期；3) 运输——目前正在开发和规划中使用多种飞行系统；4) 基地规划 - 附近、跨界、和永久阴影区域内；5) ISRU 场景 - 用于收获冰和构建风化层的辐射屏蔽。与最初的研究一样，RLSO2 结合了美国在任务设计、空间架构、机器人表面操作、自主、ISRU、操作分析以及载人航天任务和月球表面体验方面的专家。与原始研究不同，新研究使用现代工具：目的设计基本元素的 CAD 工程，以及在数值操作模型中捕获的综合性能。这允许快速迭代来收敛系统规模，并构建一个遗留分析工具，可以在整体基础的背景下评估任何提议的系统元素的性能优势和影响。本文概述了基本规则、假设、方法、操作模型、元素设计、基地计划和定量发现。这些发现包括作为基地位置和月球表面参数的函数的各种风化层和冰资源利用方案的性能。论文最后列出了月球表面所需的最高优先级实验和演示，以消除关键的规划未知数。