Abstract

River Beas originates in the Himalayas in Central Himachal Pradesh, and merges with river Sutlej at Harike in the state of Punjab and this river is a habitat of the endangered freshwater dolphin, Platanista gangetica minor R. The pollution of water bodies is a significant environmental jeopardy as the river is the prime source of water for the consumption by human beings and aquatic species residing in the river. The water quality indices (WQI) of the river Beas using nine standard parameters recommended by National Sanitation Foundation, were determined for pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons at three sampling sites between the towns of Beas and Harike over a stretch of 63 km. The results of WQI of river Beas at Harike before confluence with river Sutlej and at Goindwal Sahib is superior to those at the Beas bridge. This is due to self-purification of the water downstream from Beas bridge to Harike. Season-wise, water quality during the pre-monsoon season was somewhat superior at Harike and Beas. This is attributed to fast degradation of organic matter in river during the summer season. Bioassay for appraising the toxicity of river water was also determined by using Girardinus guppii fish and their results indicate that the water of river Beas is not toxic. Toxicity bioassay using Girardinus guppii fish indicates that the water of river Beas is not toxic. Digital number (DN) values of the river water were obtained from Landsat-TM imagery. \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\), TDS and turbidity of the river water were regressed on the reflectance values. Using multiple and β-regression analysis, it was found that \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\), TDS and turbidity contribute positively to band 2(G) and negatively to band 3(R). Multiple linear regression and β-regression analysis showed that \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\) and turbidity are regressed on the normalized difference water index negatively and positively respectively. Correlations between the target and output values from artificial neural network for \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\), TDS and turbidity were highly significant. It is suggested that removal strategies like introduction of aquatic phytoremediation plants must be involved in land management policies in order to mitigate the anthropogenic jeopardy. We affirm that the significance of applying water quality management tools using nature dependent solutions and well-organized management policies.

中文翻译：

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印度比斯河的水质及其与反射率数据的相关性

摘要

Beas河发源于喜马al尔邦中部的喜马拉雅山脉，并与旁遮普邦哈里克的Sutlej河汇合，这条河是濒临灭绝的淡水海豚Platanista gangetica minor R的栖息地。水体的污染严重危害了环境。因为这条河是人类生活在河里的水和生物消耗的主要水源。使用国家卫生基金会推荐的九个标准参数，对比斯河的水质指数（WQI）进行了测定，确定了比斯河和哈里克镇之间三个采样点的季风前，季风后和冬季的63个范围公里 在与Sutlej河和Goindwal Sahib汇合之前的Harike河上，Beas河的WQI结果优于Beas桥。这是由于自Beas大桥到Harike下游的水的自我净化。从季节来看，Harike和Beas的季风季节前的水质要好一些。这归因于夏季河流中有机物的快速降解。还使用吉拉迪斯古比鱼（Girardinus guppii fish）进行了评估河水毒性的生物测定，结果表明，比斯河的水无毒。使用Girardinus guppii鱼的毒性生物测定表明，比斯河的水没有毒性。河流水的数字（DN）值是从Landsat-TM影像获得的。这归因于夏季河流中有机物的快速降解。还使用吉拉迪斯古比鱼（Girardinus guppii fish）进行了评估河水毒性的生物测定，结果表明，比斯河的水无毒。使用Girardinus guppii鱼的毒性生物测定表明，比斯河的水没有毒性。河流水的数字（DN）值是从Landsat-TM影像获得的。这归因于夏季河中有机物的快速降解。还使用吉拉迪斯古比鱼（Girardinus guppii fish）进行了评估河水毒性的生物测定，结果表明，比斯河的水无毒。使用Girardinus guppii鱼的毒性生物测定表明，比斯河的水没有毒性。河流水的数字（DN）值是从Landsat-TM影像获得的。\（{\ text {PO}} _ {4} ^ {{3-}} \）的TDS和河水浊度根据反射率值进行回归。使用多元和β回归分析，发现\（{\ text {PO}} _ {4} ^ {{3-}} \），TDS和浊度对谱带2（G）产生正向影响，对谱带2产生负影响。 3（R）。多元线性回归和β回归分析表明，\（{\ text {PO}} _ {4} ^ {{3-}} \）和浊度分别在归一化差水指数上正向和负向回归。\（{\ text {PO}} _ {4} ^ {{3-}} \）的人工神经网络目标值与输出值之间的相关性，TDS和浊度非常显着。建议在土地管理政策中加入诸如引进水生植物修复植物的清除策略，以减轻人为危害。我们确认使用依赖于自然的解决方案和组织良好的管理政策来应用水质管理工具的重要性。