The satellite network is one of the major source of information and these days small satellites are gaining lot of focus. The group of small satellites form a distributed network that work collaboratively to accomplish the mission task. These networks are very similar to the terrestrial wireless sensor network in terms of restricted resources and constrained capabilities. Sometimes, network of small satellites is also called as space based wireless sensor network (SBWSN). In any distributed network, topology formation and its control plays a significant role. This is true for SBWSN also. The topology in SBWSN decides the area of coverage (field of view), time of coverage, data gathered and data transmitted to ground station. The proposed topology is a distributed network of small satellites formed by trivalent, toroidal and spherical polyhedron graph forming a fullerene, which is called as polygon based network topology (PBNT). It comprises of both pentagonal (F_p) and hexagonal (F_h) faces with K regular graphs such that K ≥ 3 with genus equal to 1. It also satisfies Eulers formula with n vertices. The fullerene comprises of simple rings and each of this ring forms the cluster. Each cluster is further represented as a triangular grid, that is linearly convex or non-linear, with K-connected graph along with Hamiltonian extendible cycle. The nodes/satellites on the triangular grid represent sensing nodes (low capability nodes/satellites), while the vertices of the ring are sink nodes (higher capability nodes/satellites). In this work, the topology is formed by small satellites (pico or nano satellites). In the proposed topology formation, the network is considered as virtual network with logical neighbours forming the cluster. Each node in the cluster covers a particular swath for a particular time interval based on the mission payload and on the p3 tiling. In the simulation, we consider n small satellites being placed in low earth orbit (LEO), (where n ranges from 3 to 150). The performance enhancements are seen during simulation in the following parameters, (1) Coverage Area: The coverage area increases as multiple satellites have different field of view at different times. (2) Reduces Gaps:The proposed distributed network also minimises uncovered areas as multiple satellites cover the target location at different time stamp which is not possible by a single large satellite. (3) Increase in Data Throughput: Each satellite in the network transmits data, when it is at perigee. The data throughput of the network increases, as data is transmitted by multiple satellites. Therefore, the throughput is increased by n-fold. (4) Continuous Connectivity: The data captured by one satellite in the network is made available to other using multi-hop communication. Thus the proposed topology also increases the continuous connectivity between satellites and also with the ground station. (5) Increases lifetime and Network Reliability: The SBWSN accomplishes its mission task even when one/more satellites encounters functional failure. The satellites in the network can reconfigure themselves and continue the mission task. Thus SBWSN also reduces the risk of mission failure and ensures mission reliability. Due to reconfiguration the lifetime of the network is also increased. The proposed topology is used for small satellites (specially nano and pico satellites) network, which permit the single board satellite weighing less than 10 kg (Pico satellite less than 1 kg and nano satellites less than 10 kg). The advantage of these small satellites network over single large satellite is low cost and reduced development time, as it uses commercially of the shelf (COTS) components. In this paper, we propose network architecture formed by the spherically embedded clusters formed by polyhedron. The vertices of polyhedron have both pentagonal (F_p) and hexagonal (F_h) faces with K regular graphs such that K ≥ 3, with genus equal to 1. The vertices of these polyhedron form the sink nodes and the other nodes are sensing nodes. Here satellites and nodes are interchangeably used. Sensing nodes are used for data gathering (pico/nano), while sink nodes are higher capability nodes which perform computational extensive operations in the network (nano or macro satellites). The sensing and sink nodes transmit data to the ground station when they are at perigee. The main objective of the proposed work is, technology demonstration of low cost, distributed small satellites network for earth observations replacing single huge satellite.

卫星网络是信息的主要来源之一，如今，小型卫星越来越受到关注。小卫星群组成一个分布式网络，这些网络协同工作以完成任务任务。在资源受限和功能受限方面，这些网络与地面无线传感器网络非常相似。有时，小型卫星网络也称为基于空间的无线传感器网络（SBWSN）。在任何分布式网络中，拓扑结构的形成及其控制都起着重要的作用。SBWSN也是如此。SBWSN中的拓扑决定覆盖范围（视场），覆盖时间，收集的数据以及传输到地面站的数据。拟议的拓扑是由三价构成的小型卫星的分布式网络，形成富勒烯的环形和球形多面体图，称为基于多边形的网络拓扑（PBNT）。它由两个五边形（˚F _p）和六边形（˚F _ħ）与面向ķ正则图使得ķ  ≥3与属等于1它还满足欧拉公式与Ñ顶点。富勒烯由简单的环组成，每个环形成簇。每个簇进一步表示为线性凸或非线性的三角形网格，具有K-连通图以及哈密顿可扩展循环。三角形网格上的节点/卫星表示感测节点（低性能节点/卫星），而环的顶点是宿节点（较高性能的节点/卫星）。在这项工作中，拓扑结构是由小型卫星（微微或纳米卫星）形成的。在提出的拓扑结构中，网络被视为虚拟网络，其中逻辑邻居形成了群集。群集中的每个节点根据任务有效负载和p3切片在特定的时间间隔内覆盖特定的条带。在仿真中，我们考虑ñ小型卫星被放置在低地球轨道（LEO）中（其中n介于3到150之间）。在仿真过程中，可以通过以下参数看到性能增强：（1）覆盖区域：由于多个卫星在不同时间具有不同的视场，因此覆盖区域增加。（2）减小间隙：由于多颗卫星在不同的时间戳覆盖目标位置，因此建议的分布式网络还可以将未覆盖的区域最小化，这是单个大型卫星无法实现的。（3）数据吞吐量的提高：网络中的每颗卫星在近地点都可以传输数据。随着数据由多颗卫星传输，网络的数据吞吐量会增加。因此，吞吐量增加了n倍。（4）持续连接：通过多跳通信，网络中一颗卫星捕获的数据可用于其他卫星。因此，提出的拓扑结构还增加了卫星之间以及与地面站之间的连续连接。（5）延长使用寿命和网络可靠性：即使一个/多个卫星遇到功能故障，SBWSN也会完成其任务任务。网络中的卫星可以重新配置自身并继续执行任务。因此，SBWSN还可以降低任务失败的风险并确保任务的可靠性。由于重新配置，网络的寿命也增加了。拟议的拓扑结构用于小型卫星（特别是纳米和微微卫星）网络，该网络允许单板卫星的重量小于10千克（Pico卫星的重量小于1千克，纳米卫星的重量小于10千克）。这些小型卫星网络优于单个大型卫星的优势是低成本和缩短的开发时间，因为它在商业上使用了架子（COTS）组件。在本文中，我们提出了由多面体形成的球形嵌入簇形成的网络体系结构。多面体的顶点都具有五边形（˚F _p）和六边形（˚F _ħ）面向与ķ正则图使得ķ  ≥3，用属等于1这些多面体的顶点形成所述宿节点和其他节点的感测节点。在这里，卫星和节点可以互换使用。传感节点用于数据收集（微微/纳米），而宿节点是更高性能的节点，可在网络（纳米或宏卫星）中执行大量计算操作。传感节点和接收节点在近地点时将数据传输到地面站。拟议工作的主要目的是，以低成本进行技术演示，以取代单个大型卫星，用于地球观测的分布式小型卫星网络。