Ungulates (mainly Cervidae and wild boar Sus scrofa) are considered among the most problematic wildlife suffering on roads and causing the largest material losses due to high densities of ungulate populations, spatial and temporal movement patterns, and body size of these animals. Roe deer–vehicle collision (RDVC) as the most usual cause of ungulate fatality on roads may be applied as an appropriate model for understanding ungulate-vehicle collision patterns in general. To better understand, manage, and mitigate RDVCs, a detailed knowledge of the temporal behavioral patterns of roe deer is essential. In order to determine the role roe deer behavior plays in RDVCs, we examine time-dependent patterns of RDVCs in Lithuania, a country with a relatively low human population density and less developed transport infrastructure compared with other European countries with relatively high human population density and more intensive road network. Our analysis includes 5556 RDVC records from 2013 to 2016 and examines both short-term and long-term periods to determine the interrelationship between roe deer behavior and vehicle collisions. Our results document the relationship between RDVCs and season of the year with the highest RDVCs peaks occurring in late spring (May, 817, 14.7% of RDVC) and late autumn (November, 626, 11.3%). The daily RDVC frequency is influenced by seasonal changes in sunrise, sunset, and timing of twilight and the impact of these environmental variables on vehicle operator behavior. Our findings are comparable with those reported elsewhere in Europe and suggest that roe deer temporal behavioral patterns influence RDVCs more than transport infrastructure.

中文翻译：

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在人口稀少的国家中有蹄类车辆碰撞的时间模式

g裂（主要是鹿角科和野猪Sus scrofa）被认为是道路上问题最严重的野生动物之一，由于有蹄类动物种群的密度高，时空运动方式以及这些动物的体型而造成最大的物质损失。road鹿-车辆碰撞（RDVC）是道路上有蹄类动物死亡的最常见原因，可以作为一般模型来理解有蹄类动物-车辆的碰撞模式。为了更好地理解，管理和缓解RDVC，对of的时间行为模式的详细了解至关重要。为了确定ro行为在RDVC中的作用，我们研究了立陶宛RDVC随时间变化的模式，与人口密度相对较高且道路网络更为密集的其他欧洲国家相比，该国的人口密度相对较低，交通基础设施欠发达。我们的分析包括2013年至2016年的5556份RDVC记录，并检查了短期和长期期间，以确定determine行为和车辆碰撞之间的相互关系。我们的结果记录了RDVC与年度季节之间的关系，RDVC的最高峰值出现在春季末期（817，占RDVC的14.7％）和秋季末期（11月，626，占11.3％）。每天的RDVC频率受日出，日落和黄昏时节的季节性变化以及这些环境变量对车辆操作员行为的影响。