The present study aimed to survey the spatial and temporal trends of ambient concentration of PM_2.5 and to estimate mortality attributed to short- and long-term exposure to PM_2.5 in Isfahan from March 2014 to March 2019 using the AirQ⁺ software. The hourly concentrations of PM_2.5 were obtained from the Isfahan Department of Environment and Isfahan Air Quality Monitoring Center. Then, the 24-h mean concentration of PM_2.5 for each station was calculated using the Excel software. According to the results, the annual mean concentration of PM_2.5 in 2014–2019 was 29.9–50.9 μg/m³, approximately 3–5 times higher than the WHO guideline (10 μg/m³). The data showed that people of Isfahan in almost 58% to 96% of the days of a year were exposed to PM_2.5 higher than the WHO daily guideline. The concentrations of PM_2.5 in cold months such as October, November, December and January were higher than those in the other months. The zoning of the annual concentrations of PM_2.5 in urban areas showed that the highest PM_2.5 concentrations were related to the northern, northwestern, southern and central areas of the city. On average, from 2014 to 2019, the number of deaths due to natural mortality, lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke associated with ambient PM_2.5 were 948, 16, 18, 281 and 60, respectively. The present study estimated that on average, 14.29% of the total mortality, 17.2% of lung cancer (LC), 15.54% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 17.12% of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 14.94% of stroke mortalities were related to long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5. So provincial managers and politicians must adopt appropriate strategies to control air pollution and reduce the attributable health effects and economic losses.

本研究旨在使用AirQ ⁺软件调查2014年3月至2019年3月伊斯法罕PM _2.5周围环境浓度的时空趋势，并估计因短期和长期暴露于PM _2.5而导致的死亡率。PM _2.5的每小时浓度是从伊斯法罕环境部和伊斯法罕空气质量监测中心获得的。然后，使用Excel软件计算每个站点的PM _2.5的24小时平均浓度。根据结果​​，2014-2019年PM _2.5的年平均浓度为29.9-50.9μg/ m ³，比WHO准则（10μg/ m ^3）高约3-5倍）。数据显示，伊斯法罕人一年中有近58％至96％的时间暴露于PM _2.5高于世界卫生组织的每日指南。在寒冷的月份（例如，十月，十一月，十二月和一月），PM _2.5的浓度高于其他月份。城市地区PM _2.5的年度浓度分区显示，最高的PM _2.5浓度与城市的北部，西北，南部和中部地区有关。从2014年至2019年，平均而言，与环境PM _2.5相关的自然死亡，肺癌（LC），慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD），缺血性心脏病（IHD）和中风导致的死亡人数分别是948、16、18、281和60。本研究估计，平均总死亡率的14.29％，肺癌（LC）的17.2％，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的15.54％，缺血性心脏病（IHD）的17.12％和中风死亡率的14.94％与长期暴露于环境PM _2.5有关。因此，省级管理人员和政治人物必须采取适当的策略来控制空气污染，减少对健康的影响和经济损失。