Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs) are used in international food assistance strategies as a safe and effective way of treating children suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Though the peanut-based formulation has a proven track record in terms of efficacy in treating SAM around the world, the conventional formulation is not without challenges. Concerns regarding cost, the availability of local ingredients, the presence of aflatoxin, shifting global supply patterns, and dietary appropriateness of the peanut-based RUTF have encouraged researchers to experiment with other lipid sources in formulations. This shift requires not only changes to RUTF formulations, but also changes to supply chain activities. The goal of this review is to first, provide an update on the efficacy of recently trialed non-peanut RUTF formulations in treating SAM in infants and children and second, to review recent UN agency led interventions into local/regional RUTF supply chains and programmatic capacity. Based on published documents (2017–2019), this review flags three significant issues requiring further attention from the international food assistance community: the need for follow-up studies of children treated for SAM with RUTFs in programmatic countries, a regional customization of Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) protocols to maximize cost effectiveness and programmatic coverage, and an increase in the number of studies focusing on the acceptability of non-peanut RUTF formulations by the infants and children in low and medium income countries.

中文翻译：

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创新的即食治疗食品是否比传统配方更有效、更容易获得和更具成本效益？回顾

即用型治疗食品 (RUTF) 被用于国际食品援助战略，作为治疗患有严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 的儿童的一种安全有效的方法。尽管基于花生的配方在治疗 SAM 的功效方面在世界范围内有着良好的记录，但传统配方并非没有挑战。对成本、当地成分的可用性、黄曲霉毒素的存在、全球供应模式的变化以及基于花生的 RUTF 的饮食适宜性的担忧鼓励研究人员在配方中试验其他脂质来源。这种转变不仅需要改变 RUTF 配方，还需要改变供应链活动。本次审查的目的是首先，提供最近试验的非花生 RUTF 配方在治疗婴儿和儿童 SAM 方面的功效的最新信息，其次，审查最近联合国机构主导的对当地/区域 RUTF 供应链和计划能力的干预。根据已发表的文件（2017-2019 年），本次审查指出了需要国际粮食援助界进一步关注的三个重要问题：需要对计划国家接受 RUTFs 的 SAM 治疗的儿童进行后续研究，社区的区域定制——急性营养不良 (CMAM) 协议的基础管理，以最大限度地提高成本效益和计划覆盖范围，并增加研究数量，重点关注中低收入国家婴儿和儿童对非花生 RUTF 配方的可接受性。