Objective. In recent years, the role of the modern inflammatory markers TREM-1 (triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells) and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) in tumorigenesis has begun to be studied. Their role in gliomas is not clear. The aim of our study was to find the role of inflammation in gliomas. Patients and Methods. In 63 adult patients with gliomas and 31 healthy controls, the expressions of TREM-1 and TREM-2 on CD14⁺ blood cells (method: flow cytometry) and the levels of soluble sTREM-1, HMGB1, IL-6, and IL-10 (Elisa tests) were analyzed. Results. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio was associated with reduced overall survival (, ). Patients with a TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio above 125 survived significantly shorter than patients with a TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio below 125. The percentage of CD14⁺ TREM-1⁺ cells was strongly associated with a plasma IL-6/IL-10 ratio (positively) and with IL-10 (negatively). Conversely, we found a higher percentage of CD14⁺ TREM-2⁺ monocytes in better surviving patients; these cells could downregulate the exaggerated inflammation and potentiate the phagocytosis in the tumor. The serum levels of HMGB1 negatively correlated with the percentage of CD14⁺ TREM-1⁺ cells and with the TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio. The positive correlation between the serum levels of a late proinflammatory cytokine HMGB1 with the percentage of TREM2⁺ CD14⁺ monocytes can be explained as an effort for suppression of systemic inflammation by anti-inflammatory acting CD14⁺ TREM-2⁺ cells. Conclusion. We showed that the TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio (expression on the surface of blood monocytes) could help predict prognosis in patients with gliomas, especially in high-grade gliomas, and that systemic inflammation has an impact on the patient’s overall survival. This is the first study that showed that TREM expression on monocytes in peripheral blood could help predict prognosis in patients with gliomas.

中文翻译：

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血液单核细胞上的 TREM-1 和 TREM-2 表达有助于预测高级别胶质瘤患者的生存率。

客观。近年来，开始研究现代炎症标志物TREM-1（骨髓细胞上表达的触发受体）和HMGB1（高迁移率组框1蛋白）在肿瘤发生中的作用。它们在胶质瘤中的作用尚不清楚。我们研究的目的是发现炎症在胶质瘤中的作用。患者和方法。在 63 名成年胶质瘤患者和 31 名健康对照者中，CD14 ⁺血细胞上 TREM-1 和 TREM-2 的表达（方法：流式细胞术）和可溶性 sTREM-1、HMGB1、IL-6 和 IL- 的水平分析了 10 个（ELISA 测试）。结果。Cox 比例风险分析表明，TREM-1/TREM-2 比率与总生存期降低相关（, ）。TREM-1/TREM-2 比值高于 125 的患者存活时间明显短于 TREM-1/TREM-2 比值低于 125 的患者。CD14 ⁺ TREM-1 ⁺细胞的百分比与血浆 IL-6 密切相关/IL-10 比率（阳性）和 IL-10 比率（阴性）。相反，我们发现存活率更高的患者^{中 CD14 +} TREM-2 ^{+单核细胞的百分比更高；}这些细胞可以下调过度的炎症并增强肿瘤的吞噬作用。血清 HMGB1 水平与 CD14 ⁺ TREM-1 ^{+百分比呈负相关}细胞和 TREM-1/TREM-2 比率。晚期促炎细胞因子 HMGB1 的血清水平与 TREM2 ⁺ CD14 ⁺单核细胞百分比之间的正相关可以解释为通过抗炎作用的 CD14 ⁺ TREM-2 ⁺细胞抑制全身炎症的努力。结论。我们发现 TREM-1/TREM-2 比率（血液单核细胞表面的表达）有助于预测胶质瘤患者的预后，尤其是高级别胶质瘤，并且全身炎症对患者的总体生存率有影响。这是第一项表明外周血单核细胞 TREM 表达有助于预测胶质瘤患者预后的研究。