Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represent the largest known class of porous crystalline materials ever synthesized. Their narrow pore windows and nearly unlimited structural and chemical features have made these materials of significant interest for membrane-based gas separations. In this comprehensive review, we discuss opportunities and challenges related to the formation of pure MOF films and mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). Common and emerging separation applications are identified, and membrane transport theory for MOFs is described and contextualized relative to the governing principles that describe transport in polymers. Additionally, cross-cutting research opportunities using advanced metrologies and computational techniques are reviewed. To quantify membrane performance, we introduce a simple membrane performance score that has been tabulated for all of the literature data compiled in this review. These data are reported on upper bound plots, revealing classes of MOF materials that consistently demonstrate promising separation performance. Recommendations are provided with the intent of identifying the most promising materials and directions for the field in terms of fundamental science and eventual deployment of MOF materials for commercial membrane-based gas separations.

中文翻译：

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基于MOF的气体分离膜。

金属有机骨架（MOF）代表了迄今已知的最大种类的多孔晶体材料。它们的窄孔窗口以及几乎无限的结构和化学特征，使这些材料对于基于膜的气体分离具有重大意义。在本篇综述中，我们讨论了与纯MOF膜和混合基质膜（MMM）形成相关的机遇和挑战。确定了常见的和新兴的分离应用，并相对于描述聚合物中传输的控制原理，对MOF的膜传输理论进行了描述和背景介绍。此外，本文还回顾了使用先进的计量学和计算技术进行跨领域研究的机会。为了量化膜性能，我们介绍了一个简单的膜性能评分，该评分已针对该评价中收集的所有文献数据进行了列表。这些数据记录在上限图上，揭示了始终显示出令人鼓舞的分离性能的MOF材料类别。提供建议的目的是为了确定最有前途的材料和该领域的方向，包括基础科学以及最终将MOF材料用于商业性基于膜的气体分离的部署。