We present a simple way to construct 3D initial conditions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions based on the Glauber collision geometry. Local energy and momentum conservation conditions are imposed to set non-trivial constraints on our parameterizations of longitudinal profiles for the system’s initial energy density and flow velocity. After calibrating parameters with charged hadron rapidity distributions in central Au+Au collisions, we test model predictions for particle rapidity distributions in d+Au and peripheral Au+Au collisions in the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Simulations and comparisons with measurements are also made for Pb+Pb collisions at Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies. We demonstrate that elliptic flow measurements in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s}\sim 10$ GeV can set strong constraints on the dependence of Quark-Gluon Plasma shear viscosity on temperature and net baryon chemical potential.

中文翻译：

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相对论重离子碰撞的基于碰撞几何的3D初始条件

我们提出了一种基于Glauber碰撞几何构造相对论重离子碰撞的3D初始条件的简单方法。施加了局部能量和动量守恒条件，以对系统的初始能量密度和流速的纵向轮廓参数设置非平凡的约束。在用中心Au + Au碰撞中的带电强子速度分布校准参数后，我们在相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）的束能量扫描（BES）程序中测试d + Au和周围Au + Au碰撞中粒子速度分布的模型预测）。还针对超级质子同步加速器（SPS）能量下的Pb + Pb碰撞进行了仿真和测量比较。我们证明了重离子碰撞中的椭圆流测量为$\sqrt{s}〜10$ GeV可以对Quark-Gluon等离子剪切粘度对温度和净重子化学势的依赖性设置严格的约束。