Clinical symptoms of active tuberculosis (TB) can range from a simple cough to more severe reactions, such as irreversible lung damage and, eventually, death, depending on disease progression. In addition to its clinical presentation, TB has been associated with several other disease-induced systemic complications, such as hyponatremia and glucose intolerance. Here, we provide an overview of the known, although ill-described, underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for the clinical and systemic presentations associated with this disease and discuss novel hypotheses recently generated by various omics technologies. This summative update can assist clinicians to improve the tentative diagnosis of TB based on a patient’s clinical presentation and aid in the development of improved treatment protocols specifically aimed at restoring the disease-induced imbalance for overall homeostasis while simultaneously eradicating the pathogen. Furthermore, future applications of this knowledge could be applied to personalized diagnostic and therapeutic options, bettering the treatment outcome and quality of life of TB patients.

中文翻译：

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肺结核的回声：临床症状和其他疾病引起的全身并发症的机制。

取决于疾病的进展，活动性肺结核（TB）的临床症状可能从简单的咳嗽到更严重的反应，例如不可逆的肺损伤，甚至死亡。除其临床表现外，结核病还与其他几种疾病引起的全身并发症有关，例如低钠血症和葡萄糖耐量异常。在这里，我们提供了已知的（尽管描述不清）潜在的生化机制的概述，该机制负责与该疾病相关的临床和全身表现，并讨论了由各种组学技术最近产生的新颖假设。该总结性更新可以帮助临床医生根据患者的临床表现改善对结核病的初步诊断，并帮助开发改进的治疗方案，这些方案旨在恢复疾病引起的总体稳态失衡，同时消除病原体。此外，该知识的未来应用可以应用于个性化的诊断和治疗选择，从而改善结核病患者的治疗结果和生活质量。