Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has been widely used to replace continuous flooding (CF), which does not result in yield loss while improving water productivity. However, it is still unexplored as to how this agricultural practice would affect gene expression to control plant physiology. In this study, we found that photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll (Chl) content, and leaf water potential (Lwp) significantly decreased while abscisic acid (ABA) content and water use efficiency (WUE) increased when soil water potential reached to −15 kPa in the AWD irrigation regime. We then analyzed the differences between AWD and CF irrigation practices in transcriptomic profiles for flag leaves. Genes were found to be differentially expressed in photosynthesis related pathways namely, Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis‐antenna proteins pathway, photosynthesis process, and ABA signal transduction pathway. The study provides important information on the morphological adaptations observed in the flag leaves in response to AWD irrigation, which will act as a basic framework to conduct molecular studies for improving rice cultivation.

中文翻译：

---

水稻干湿交替交替灌溉调控光合作用相关基因的转录组学分析

交替湿润和干燥（AWD）灌溉已被广泛用来代替连续驱（CF），在提高水生产率的同时不会导致产量下降。然而，关于这种农业实践将如何影响基因表达以控制植物生理学，仍未进行探索。在这项研究中，我们发现光合速率（Pn），气孔导度（Gs），蒸腾速率（Tr），叶绿素（Chl）含量和叶水势（Lwp）显着降低，而脱落酸（ABA）含量和用水在AWD灌溉制度中，当土壤水势达到-15 kPa时，效率（WUE）增加。然后，我们在旗叶的转录组谱中分析了AWD和CF灌溉方式之间的差异。发现基因在光合作用相关途径中差异表达，即 Chl生物合成，光合作用-天线蛋白途径，光合作用过程和ABA信号转导途径。这项研究提供了有关旗叶对AWD灌溉的观察到的形态适应性的重要信息，这将成为进行分子研究以改善水稻种植的基本框架。