Remyelination is the regeneration of myelin sheaths following demyelination. This regenerative process is critical for the re-establishment of axonal conduction velocity and metabolic support to the axons. Successful remyelination in the CNS generally depends on the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). However, other cell types play critical roles in establishing where a lesion is conducive for regeneration. In the last few years, several studies have described beneficial and detrimental roles played by astrocytes in remyelination. This review will discuss recent developments in the concept of astrocyte reactivity, what is known about the astrocytic contribution to remyelination, and highlight future avenues of investigation.

中文翻译：

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星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中的作用

髓鞘再生是脱髓鞘后髓鞘的再生。这种再生过程对于重新建立轴突传导速度和对轴突的代谢支持至关重要。中枢神经系统髓鞘再生的成功通常取决于少突胶质祖细胞 (OPC) 的激活、增殖和分化。然而，其他细胞类型在确定病变有利于再生的位置方面起着关键作用。在过去几年中，一些研究描述了星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中的有益和有害作用。本综述将讨论星形胶质细胞反应性概念的最新发展、星形胶质细胞对髓鞘再生的贡献的已知情况，并强调未来的研究途径。