In this review we provide an overview of current challenges and advances in bacteriophage research within the growing field of viromics. In particular, we discuss, from a human virome study perspective, the current and emerging technologies available, their limitations in terms of de novo discoveries, and possible solutions to overcome present experimental and computational biases associated with low abundance of viral DNA or RNA. We summarize recent breakthroughs in metagenomics assembling tools and single-cell analysis, which have the potential to increase our understanding of phage biology, diversity, and interactions with both the microbial community and the human body. We expect that these recent and future advances in the field of viromics will have a strong impact on how we develop phage-based therapeutic approaches.

在这篇综述中，我们概述了病毒组学不断发展的领域内噬菌体研究的当前挑战和进展。特别是，我们从人类病毒组研究的角度讨论了现有的和新兴的技术，它们在从头方面的局限性发现，以及克服目前与低丰度病毒 DNA 或 RNA 相关的实验和计算偏差的可能解决方案。我们总结了宏基因组学组装工具和单细胞分析的最新突破，它们有可能增加我们对噬菌体生物学、多样性以及与微生物群落和人体相互作用的理解。我们预计病毒组学领域的这些近期和未来进展将对我们如何开发基于噬菌体的治疗方法产生重大影响。