Abstract In this study, silver/graphene oxide (Ag/GO) nanocomposites were synthesized using the in situ method. Glucose was selected as an eco-friendly reducing agent for the reduction of Ag+ into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The characterization of GO and Ag/GO with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopye, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that Ag/GO was successfully synthesized. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average size of 17.68 ± 4.48 nm were uniformly distributed onto GO sheets. The antibacterial activity of GO, AgNPs, and Ag/GO were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923 (S. aureus) and Salmonella enterica ATCC 35,664 (S. enterica) bacteria by optical density and plate colony–counting methods. Test results showed that Ag/GO had higher antibacterial activity than its precursors (bare AgNPs and GO) with a bactericidal rate of more than 99.90 %. Thus, Ag/GO was selected for further experimentation. Simultaneous effects of the interaction time, Ag/GO concentration, pH, annealing temperature, and S. aureus density on the antibacterial activity of Ag/GO were also investigated with full factorial experimental design according to Placket–Burman and Box–Behnken designs. After 10 min of interaction time at 37 °C, the optimal values of these factors were determined to be: Ag/GO concentration of 48 μg/mL, pH 5, and S. aureus density 5.3 × 106 CFU/mL, corresponding to an antibacterial capacity of 99.95 % towards S. aureus. The presented experiment confirmed Ag/GO to be able of eliminating about 99.99 % of S. aureus. All results of the present study affirmed the potential applications of Ag/GO as an antibacterial agent in the medical field.

中文翻译：

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纳米银修饰氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料抗菌活性的优化

摘要 本研究采用原位法合成了银/氧化石墨烯 (Ag/GO) 纳米复合材料。葡萄糖被选为环保还原剂​​，用于将 Ag+ 还原为银纳米粒子 (AgNPs)。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜、X 射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱和 X 射线光电子能谱对 GO 和 Ag/GO 进行表征。结果表明成功合成了Ag/GO。平均尺寸为 17.68 ± 4.48 nm 的银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 均匀分布在 GO 片上。GO、AgNPs 和 Ag/GO 对金黄色葡萄球菌 ATCC 25,923（金黄色葡萄球菌）和沙门氏菌 ATCC 35,664（金黄色葡萄球菌）的抗菌活性进行了测试。enterica) 细菌通过光密度和平板菌落计数方法。测试结果表明，Ag/GO 比其前体（裸 AgNPs 和 GO）具有更高的抗菌活性，杀菌率超过 99.90%。因此，选择 Ag/GO 进行进一步实验。根据 Plaket-Burman 和 Box-Behnken 设计，还通过全因子实验设计研究了相互作用时间、Ag/GO 浓度、pH、退火温度和金黄色葡萄球菌密度对 Ag/GO 抗菌活性的同时影响。在 37 °C 下相互作用 10 分钟后，这些因素的最佳值确定为：Ag/GO 浓度为 48 μg/mL，pH 为 5，金黄色葡萄球菌密度为 5.3 × 106 CFU/mL，对应于对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌能力为 99.95%。所呈现的实验证实，Ag/GO 能够消除约 99.99% 的金黄色葡萄球菌。本研究的所有结果都肯定了 Ag/GO 作为抗菌剂在医学领域的潜在应用。