Coastal and maritime areas have significant natural resources and are of great financial significance. However, the intense and reckless exploitation of natural resources has led to a degradation of the marine environment. This degradation has led countries worldwide to take into account International Agreements and Actions on the protection, conservation and sustainable management of the marine environment. One of the above Actions is the development of spatial planning in the coastal environment and the wider marine area.

Initially, this survey refers to the importance of the coastal area and the marine environment and the policies that have been developed at International and European level for its protection. Furthermore, it focuses on efforts of coastal states to develop spatial plans for the determination of land uses and the development of human activities in the coastal area and in the wider marine area. As case studies the coastal countries of Greece and Bulgaria have been selected. These countries belong to different maritime areas (The Mediterranean Sea and The Black Sea).

The survey shows that spatial planning, though necessary for land use and the marine environment, is complicated. This happens due to many stakeholders with different competencies and financial interests being involved and due to the particularities of each area. Finally, conclusions are drawn for better management and protection of coastal and wider marine space through spatial planning.

沿海和海洋地区拥有大量自然资源，并且具有重要的财务意义。然而，对自然资源的不计后果的密集开发导致海洋环境的恶化。这种退化导致世界各国考虑到关于保护，养护和可持续管理海洋环境的国际协定和行动。上述行动之一是在沿海环境和更广阔的海洋区域中发展空间规划。

最初，该调查涉及沿海地区和海洋环境的重要性以及在国际和欧洲级别制定的对其保护的政策。此外，它着重于沿海国家为确定沿海地区及更广阔的海洋区域的土地用途和人类活动发展而制定空间计划的努力。作为案例研究，选择了希腊和保加利亚的沿海国家。这些国家属于不同的海域（地中海和黑海）。

调查显示，空间规划虽然对于土地使用和海洋环境而言是必要的，但它却很复杂。发生这种情况的原因是，涉及许多具有不同能力和财务利益的利益相关者，并且由于每个领域的特殊性。最后，得出结论，可以通过空间规划更好地管理和保护沿海及更广阔的海洋空间。