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The Feral Pig in a Low Impacted Ecosystem: Analysis of Diet Composition and Its Utility
Rangeland Ecology & Management ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2020.05.006
Juan J. Montes-Sánchez , Leonardo Huato-Soberanis , Silvia E. Buntinx-Dios , José L. León-de la Luz

The feral pig is an exotic species in the Sierra La Laguna Biosphere Reserve, Baja California Sur, Mexico, and is considered harmful to the woodlands and tropical deciduous forest because of its foraging habits. To determine the taxonomic, nutrient, and energy content of the feral pig diet in this area, stomach contents of forty feral pigs were analyzed during the dry and rainy seasons in the woodlands and the tropical deciduous forest. Results indicate that feral pigs are frugivore-herbivore and stenophagous, feeding on a high percentage of fruits and seeds (77–87%) that provide high metabolizable energy (8293–11,585 kJ kg−1 dry matter) and moderate crude protein (94.1–151.6 g kg−1 dry matter) year round in the woodland and during the dry season in the tropical deciduous forest, or high percentage of leaves, stems, and tubers (44%) that provide low metabolizable energy (4740 kJ kg−1 dry matter) and moderate crude protein (107.5 g kg−1 dry matter) in the rainy season in the tropical deciduous forest. Therefore, diets based on fruits and seeds favor a lower quantity of food to meet the energy for maintenance of feral pigs than those based on other plant tissues: pine nuts < acorns ≈ wild figs < leaves, stems, and tubers. The observed diet based on acorns, along with estimates of acorn production results in a carrying capacity estimate of 0.031 adult feral pig ha−1 yr−1 during years of low acorn production. Thus, feral pigs in the area use fruits and seeds in both woodlands and tropical deciduous forest because of their quality as food resources. The availability of the food resources preferred by pigs (pine nuts, acorns, fan-palm fruits, and wild figs) during the year can be used to inform potentially sustainable feral pig carrying capacities and establish hunting programs.



中文翻译:

低生态系统中的野猪:日粮组成及其效用分析

野猪是墨西哥下加利福尼亚州塞拉拉拉古纳生物圈保护区的外来物种,由于其觅食习惯而被认为对林地和热带落叶林有害。为了确定该地区野猪日粮的分类,营养和能量含量,分析了林地和热带落叶林在干燥和雨季期间四十只野猪的胃含量。结果表明,野猪是节食性-食草动物和食肉动物,以高百分比的水果和种子(77-87%)为食,它们提供高代谢能量(8293-11,585 kJ kg -1干物质)和中度粗蛋白(94.1- 151.6克公斤-1林地全年干旱,在热带落叶林中处于干旱季节,或者高百分比的叶,茎和块茎(44%)提供低代谢能(4740 kJ kg -1干物质)和中等原油雨季热带落叶林中的蛋白质(107.5 g kg -1干物质)。因此,与其他植物组织相比,以水果和种子为基础的饮食偏爱较少量的食物来满足维持野生猪的能量:松子<橡子≈野生无花果<叶,茎和块茎。观察到的基于橡子的饮食,以及橡子产量的估计,得出0.031头成年野猪的携带能力估计值ha -1  yr -1在橡子产量低的年份。因此,该地区的野猪由于其作为食物资源的质量而在林地和热带落叶林中都使用果实和种子。一年中可获得的猪(松子,橡子,扇形棕榈果和野生无花果)偏爱的食物资源可用于为潜在的可持续野猪携带能力提供信息并制定狩猎计划。

更新日期:2020-08-27
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