Abstract When leakage dynamic pressure waves (DPWs) propagate in low Mach number flows, the viscothermal effects are considered the main reason for sound attenuation. However, an experimental analysis conducted in this study shows that the non-equilibrium sound–turbulence interaction process is the main cause. The turbulence effects due to turbulent flows act on the DPWs, and the fluctuations due to the DPWs act on the turbulent flows. Both processes result in the turbulent absorption of the gas to the amplitude of the DPWs, leading to amplitude attenuation at sufficiently low frequencies. To predict the amplitude attenuation, a non-equilibrium sound–turbulence interaction model is established, solved, and verified using analytical and experimental results, which show that attenuation coefficients (ACs) obtained by considering the sound–turbulence interaction effects are 1.6–3.5 times larger than those obtained by only considering the viscothermal effects, even when the Mach number is between 0.0038 and 0.016. The established model can improve leak localization.

中文翻译：

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低马赫数流动的声-湍流相互作用模型及其在天然气管道泄漏定位中的应用

摘要 当泄漏动态压力波（DPWs）在低马赫数流中传播时，粘热效应被认为是声衰减的主要原因。然而，本研究中进行的实验分析表明，非平衡的声音-湍流相互作用过程是主要原因。湍流引起的湍流效应作用于 DPW，而 DPW 引起的波动作用于湍流。这两个过程都会导致气体被湍流吸收到 DPW 的幅度，导致在足够低的频率下幅度衰减。为了预测振幅衰减，使用分析和实验结果建立、求解和验证非平衡声音-湍流相互作用模型，这表明，即使马赫数在 0.0038 和 0.016 之间，通过考虑声-湍流相互作用获得的衰减系数（AC）也比仅考虑粘热效应获得的衰减系数大 1.6-3.5 倍。建立的模型可以提高泄漏定位。