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Real-time pricing for smart grid with multi-energy microgrids and uncertain loads: a bilevel programming method
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106206
Guanxiu Yuan , Yan Gao , Bei Ye , Ripeng Huang

Abstract As distributed energy (DE) and storage devices being integrated into microgrids (MGs), demand side management (DSM) is getting more and more complicated. The real-time pricing (RTP) mechanism based on demand response (DR) is an ideal method for DSM, which can achieve supply–demand balance and maximize social welfare in the future. This paper proposes a hierarchical market framework to address RTP between the power supplier and multi-microgrids (MMGs). Firstly, an expectation bilevel model is proposed to adjust the energy scheduling of MMGs, including uncertain loads, multi-energy-supply and storage devices,etc. In the proposed bilevel model, the upper level aims to maximize the profit of the power supplier, while the lower level is formulated to maximize the expectation of total welfares for MMGs. Then, the lower level is transformed into a deterministic optimization problem by mathematical techniques. To solve the model, a hybrid algorithm-called distributed PSO-BBA, is put forward by combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the branch and bound algorithm (BBA). In this algorithm, the PSO and BBA are employed to address the subproblems of upper and lower levels, respectively. Finally, simulations on several situations show that the proposed distributed RTP method is applicable and effective under uncertainties, and can reduce the computational complexity as well. The results show that the hierarchical energy dispatch framework is not only more reasonable but also can increase the profits of power suppliers and the welfare of MGs effectively.

中文翻译:

含多能微网和不确定负载的智能电网实时定价:一种双层规划方法

摘要 随着分布式能源 (DE) 和存储设备集成到微电网 (MG) 中,需求侧管理 (DSM) 变得越来越复杂。基于需求响应(DR)的实时定价(RTP)机制是 DSM 的理想方法,可以在未来实现供需平衡并最大化社会福利。本文提出了一个分层市场框架来解决电源供应商和多微电网 (MMG) 之间的 RTP。首先,提出了一种期望双层模型来调整MMGs的能量调度,包括不确定负载、多供能和储能装置等。在提出的双层模型中,上层旨在最大化电力供应商的利润,而下层旨在最大化 MMG 的总福利期望。然后,低层通过数学技术转化为确定性优化问题。为求解该模型,提出了一种将粒子群优化(PSO)和分支定界算法(BBA)相结合的混合算法,称为分布式PSO-BBA。在该算法中,PSO 和 BBA 分别用于解决上层和下层的子问题。最后,在几种情况下的仿真表明,所提出的分布式RTP方法在不确定性下是适用和有效的,并且可以降低计算复杂度。结果表明,分级能源调度框架不仅更加合理,而且能够有效地增加供电商的利润和MGs的福利。将粒子群优化(PSO)和分支定界算法(BBA)相结合,提出了一种称为分布式PSO-BBA的混合算法。在该算法中,PSO 和 BBA 分别用于解决上层和下层的子问题。最后,在几种情况下的仿真表明,所提出的分布式RTP方法在不确定性下是适用和有效的,并且可以降低计算复杂度。结果表明,分级能源调度框架不仅更加合理,而且能够有效地增加供电商的利润和MGs的福利。将粒子群优化(PSO)和分支定界算法(BBA)相结合,提出了一种称为分布式PSO-BBA的混合算法。在该算法中,PSO 和 BBA 分别用于解决上层和下层的子问题。最后,在几种情况下的仿真表明,所提出的分布式RTP方法在不确定性下是适用和有效的,并且可以降低计算复杂度。结果表明,分级能源调度框架不仅更加合理,而且能够有效地增加供电商的利润和MGs的福利。PSO 和 BBA 分别用于解决上层和下层的子问题。最后,在几种情况下的仿真表明,所提出的分布式RTP方法在不确定性下是适用和有效的,并且可以降低计算复杂度。结果表明,分级能源调度框架不仅更加合理,而且能够有效地增加供电商的利润和MGs的福利。PSO 和 BBA 分别用于解决上层和下层的子问题。最后,在几种情况下的仿真表明,所提出的分布式RTP方法在不确定性下是适用和有效的,并且可以降低计算复杂度。结果表明,分级能源调度框架不仅更加合理,而且能够有效地增加供电商的利润和MGs的福利。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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