Nonylphenol (NP) is a chemical raw material and intermediate which is mainly used in the production of surfactants, lubricating oil additives and pesticide emulsifiers. NP is reported to be toxic on the immune system, nervous system and reproductive system due to its binding to estrogen receptors. However, the toxicity of NP on mammalian oocyte quality remains unclear. In present study, we explored the effects of NP exposure on mouse oocyte maturation. Our results showed that 4 weeks of NP exposure increased the number of atresia follicles and decreased oocyte developmental competence. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that NP exposure altered the expression of more than 800 genes in oocytes, including multiple biological pathways. Subcellular structure examination indicated that NP exposure disrupted meiotic spindle organization and caused chromosome misalignment. Moreover, aberrant mitochondrial distribution and decreased membrane potential were also observed, indicating that NP exposure caused mitochondria dysfunction. Further analysis showed that NP exposure resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress; and the NP-exposed oocytes showed positive Annexin-V signal, indicating the occurrence of early apoptosis. In summary, our results indicated that NP exposure reduced oocyte quality by affecting cytoskeletal dynamics and mitochondrial function, which further induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice.

壬基酚（NP）是化学原料和中间体，主要用于生产表面活性剂，润滑油添加剂和农药乳化剂。据报道，NP由于与雌激素受体结合而对免疫系统，神经系统和生殖系统有毒。但是，NP对哺乳动物卵母细胞质量的毒性仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们探讨了NP暴露对小鼠卵母细胞成熟的影响。我们的结果表明，NP暴露4周增加了闭锁卵泡的数量，并降低了卵母细胞的发育能力。转录组学分析表明，NP暴露改变了卵母细胞中800多个基因的表达，包括多种生物学途径。亚细胞结构检查表明，NP暴露破坏了减数分裂纺锤体组织并导致染色体错位。此外，还观察到异常的线粒体分布和降低的膜电位，表明NP暴露引起线粒体功能障碍。进一步的分析表明，NP暴露导致活性氧（ROS）的积累，从而引起氧化应激。NP暴露的卵母细胞显示Annexin-V信号阳性，表明发生早期凋亡。总之，我们的结果表明，NP暴露通过影响细胞骨架动力学和线粒体功能降低了卵母细胞的质量，从而进一步诱发了小鼠的氧化应激和细胞凋亡。说明NP暴露会引起线粒体功能障碍。进一步的分析表明，NP暴露导致活性氧（ROS）的积累，从而引起氧化应激。NP暴露的卵母细胞显示Annexin-V信号阳性，表明发生早期凋亡。总之，我们的结果表明，NP暴露通过影响细胞骨架动力学和线粒体功能降低了卵母细胞的质量，从而进一步诱发了小鼠的氧化应激和细胞凋亡。说明NP暴露会引起线粒体功能障碍。进一步的分析表明，NP暴露导致活性氧（ROS）的积累，从而引起氧化应激。NP暴露的卵母细胞显示Annexin-V信号阳性，表明发生早期凋亡。总之，我们的结果表明，NP暴露通过影响细胞骨架动力学和线粒体功能降低了卵母细胞的质量，从而进一步诱发了小鼠的氧化应激和细胞凋亡。